????:1???????:?????????

2???????????

3?????

4????????????

5?????

???11????23?? ??:???“????????????????????????????”?????

??????????????????

?????????? ?? ?????????????? ???

“??????????”????????11??18???????????????20?????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?????“???????????”????????????????,???????,“??”??,??,??????????,?????????????????“??????????????????”,?,??????

???:

????:??

???????????????:20??????????70??????,???,??,?????????,?????????????????????,????,????????????“???????”?

????????(Thomas Berry),???“??”??“???????”????????????????????????,????????????(William Theodore de Bary)?????,??????????????(Carlton Hayes)???????????????

2024????11??20??????????,“????????????????”?????????????????(??)??????????? ????????????? ??????????

???????:?“?????”??????????????????????,??????????

???????????????????????????:??“??”“??????????????????”“???????????”???????????????????????????,“?????????????”???????????,???????????“?????????????,??;??,??”,??????????????????????????“???????????”???

“???????”???,?????“?”,?????????“??”?????????????,??????,???????????????,??????,????“?”??“??”????“???????????????”??,??,?????????“??”????

???,????????,??????????? ?? ????????????????????

??????:?????????????“???????????”“?”“?”??,????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????:????,??????????“???”,?“?????”,???“????”??????“?????????????????????”????

???,??????????,????????????????????????????,???,???????????“????????”???????????????????,?????????,????????,????????????

?:????????????

????????:???,??,????????????????????????????????……??????????,?????“???????????????”?????

70???????«???????»?????,??????,??????“??”???????????«?»,??????????,?????????????,?????,??????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????,??

????????????:????

?????????????????:????????????????,??,???????????????????,??,?????????????,?,????????????????????,??????,???,?????????????????

???????,?????????????????????,???????????????????“????”???,??“?”?????????????,?????????????????????????,???????,????????????????????

2016?,??????????????????,???????112?????? ??? ??

?????????????,??????,?????????“?????”????????????????????,????,?????????????????,?????????,????“??????????????????”,??(???)

?????????:

?????????????????? ??????????? ???

???????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???????????????,???????????????????????????????1997?????????????????,??????????????«???????????????»«?????»????????????????«???????»?

?????:??????