???????????3????????

?????,???????????

2024 ??,???????,???«?»(?????????????????“?????????”)????????????????,??????????,? 3 ?????????????,?,???????? 7.86%,?????????

??????,2018 ??????????????????? OECD(???????????)????? 3 ????????????????????? 33.8%?????????????,?????????????,??“???????”??,???????????????????????

???????????,????????“???????”??,???????????

???????????????,??????????????2025?????????????????,?????????“?????”???????????????????,?????????????????????????

???,???????????????????????????????????????? 6 ??-3 ????,????????? 6 ?????;??????????????;?????????????????????????????

???????????2024 ?????????????? 11 ?????????????????,???????????????????? 20 ??«?????????????????????»????????????????????????,?????????,????????????

???3???????

???????????????????,??3??????????

?????,2018?,????????3??????????,?????????????????????????,???????2????????????92.1%???????????????????,2??56.5%,1?????????????33.2%?

?????????????????????????????,?????????????“??”,??????????????????????

????,2018?????OECD ?????3???????????????? 33.8%???,2024??????,??????????3????7.86%?

??????,???????????,???

«2019???»(??????????????“2019???????”)???????6???15-49 ????????????,????27.6%????????? 2016 ?????,????????????????? 1/3 ??????2024??????,?????????,?????????3?????????????

?????,???????????????

“??????,?????”

??????,?????????Papi????????,???????????????1??????????????3??????,?“???????”“??????,???”???

???2019?????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????,??,???????????????,?????,??,???

??,??????????????,?????????????????????????????2019 ????????????????,??,????

????,????2017???(??????????????????????????????????????????????)?????????????0-3 ?????????(?????“???”????????????????????????????)??,?,?????????????12%????????????????????

????????????????,???????????2019??????????????,????,???0-3??,????2.2%?????

?,???,??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????

?????????????????2024????????????,2023??,?89.5%,????????????????????????(????????????????)??1978???????????,?5500???????????????????,?????????,???????????,2023????????????46.7%?

“(?????????????????????????)??,???????????????????,”?,??,?????1?????????2??????,???????????????????????

?????2024?????????????12??,???????0????????????1??????????????????????,??1-2???????????????????????1:3,????????????????2-3??????????????1:4?

????????????????????????????????????????,??????,??????????????????,????,???????

?????????????????????????,????????????????,?2?,??????????,??????????,????,??????????????????????,?????

???

???????????,??????,?????????

2022?????CFPS??????????????,10???????????????,????????????,??????????

??????,??????2012??????2022??????????????????,??3??????????????6%???,??????????????

?????????????????,??????,2022????3?????????????????????????????????58.7%?

????????,?????????????,??

?????????????????????:??????,??????????????

???????????????????2019???????????????????,??????,??3????????????????????“??????????????????”?

??,????????,???

?????,????,??????????????????????,?????????????

?20?????????????50??70?,??,?????????????????????????????,1954???,??????????????????????????????????????4003?????,2670??????,??,?????

???????????????,1950??????????,????????,???

?????????,????????????????????????,1960?????70%,??????

??????,????,1963???2975???????????????

??????????,?,1984??????????????????

“???????”??????1955??,???,?????????????,????????????????,????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????

??,??,???,?????????????,??75%~85%,??90%?

??????,???????20??????????90????????

?? 20??90???????????,??????????????????,????????,?????????

???,?????????,1981?,??20?????????????,????562?????????????,??????????10.5?????????????2022??????????????,??????30??????????????????,?????????1414?????????

??????????????21????????,???? ??,?,????????????

?,????,???

???????2015??????????????,??????“?????”????,????????????????????2022?????????????????,???? ,???,????

???????,????????????“???????????”??,???????????“?????????????”????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,2021?????????????,?“??”,?????????????????300?? ???????????100????,??????????????300???????????????????????????????

??,??????????,?????????????????“?????”“?????????”???????????“?????????”??,???????????

??????,??,????????????????????????,??,?????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????,??

???«???????????»???,??????????20??????????????????????,????????,??,???,?????????“????????????????????”?????????????????????????????????,??????????:“???,?????”?(??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????????????????) ?????????????:?????????????????????