????:1????????:??????

2??????????

3????????

4???????

5?????????

??????11?????23?????????? ???????????????????:??????????????“???????”?

????????????

?????????? ?? ?? ?

“?????????????????”???????11???????????18?????20??????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)??“???????????”???????????????????????,???????????,“?”????,??????,???,?????“???????”,??,???

??????:

?????:??????

??????????????:20????70???????,??,???????????,????????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????,????????“?????”?

???????????????????????????????(Thomas Berry),?????“?”????“???”??????????????????,?????????????????????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??????????,????????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)????????

2024??????????11?20??,“?????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????(??)???????????? ??? ???????????????

???:??????????“?”??????????,??????????

??????????????:??“???????????????”“???????????????”“?????”???????????,“??”???????????????????,???“??,?;???????,??”,??“??”????????????????

“?????????????”?,?“???????????????????”,????????“?????????”??,??,?,???????????????????????,??????“??”??“???????????????”???“??”???????????????,???????????,????????????????“?????????”???

??????????,?,??????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??

???????????????:?????“????”“???????????”“??????????”????,???

????????????????:??????????,????“???????????????”,???????????“?????”,????????????????????“??????”?????????????“?????????????????????”?????????

????,?????,????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????“?”????????????????,????,???????????,???????????

????:??????

????????????????????????????:???,?????,???????????????????????……???????????????,??“?????????”??????????????????

70????«????»?????????,?,???????“????”??????«?»,???????????????????????,???????????,???,?????????????????????,???,?????????????,???

?:???

???????:???,??,????????????????,?????,???????????????????,?,???????,?,??,???????????

??,?????,??????“?????”???????,?????“????”???,??????????????????,???,????????????????

2016?????,????????????????,??112??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????

????????????,???,???“????????????????”??????????????,???????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????,??????“???????????”,??(?????????????)

??:

???????????????????????? ????????????????? ???

??????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???????,????????????1997???????????????,???????«?????»«?????»????????????«???????»?

?????????????????:????????????