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??10???2?????? (??? ???????)????????2??????«2023??????»?,2023??(R&D)??3.3??(??,?????????),????33357.1???????,?8.4%,?????????“?????”??“?????7%???????”???

?????R&D???????2012??1??????,2019???2?????????????,2022????3?????,???R&D???????????????,????????

?????,2023??R&D???(R&D??GDP?????????????)??????2.65%,????0.09???????,????????“?????????????”??0.02?,???????R&D???12???,?(OECD)??(2.73%)?

????R&D????2023?,????R&D???25922.2?????????3856.3??????????2753.3??,??8.6%?1.1%???14.1%??,????R&D????????77.7%,??????2022?0.1?????,??(79.0%)??(79.4%),?????????????????(67.4%)???????????????(65.8%)??

??????R&D???????,2023?????????2259.1???3661.5???27436.5???,??11.6%?5.1%???8.5%???,???R&D?????????6.77%,??????(??) ???????:?????