????:1????:??????

2???100???????

3???????

4?????????

5????????????

???11?23?????? ??????:??????“???”????

?????????????????

?????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????

“???”????????11???18????20????????????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)????????“????????????????”?????????????????????????,???????,“????”???????????????,????????????????????,????????????????,??“?”,??????????????????,????

?????:

?????:????????????????

????????????????????????????:20???70???????,?,?????,??????????????????,??????????,?,????????“??”?

???????(Thomas Berry),???“??”?“???????????????”???????????????,????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,?????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)????

2024???????????11??20???????????????,“??????”?????????????????????????????(??)???????????? ???????????????????????? ?

??????????:?????“????????????????”???????????????,???????????

???????????????????????????????????????:???????“??”“???”“??”???????????,“????????”??????????????,???????“??,????;???????,??????????”,??????????“???”??????????????????

“??”??,???“??????????????????”,?????????????????“????”???????,????,????????????????,?????????????????????,??“?????”???????“???????????”??“??????????”??????????,??????,??“?????????”?????

??,???????,????????????? ????????? ?????????????

??:???????????“??”“??????”“??????”?????????????????????,????

???????????????:???,??????????“??”,??“??????????????”,?????“?????”??“??”?????

????,??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,???,???????“???”??,???????????,???????????,???

?????????:????

??????????:??????????,???,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????……??,?????????????“???”????????????

70?«???????????????????»??????????,?,??????????“?”???????????«????»,?????,????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????,?????,??????????,?????????????

?????????????:?????????????

??????????????????:?,???????,???,?,??????????????????????,???????????,????????????,??????????????,???,?????

????,??,??????????????????“?”????,??“??”???,???????????????????????????????,????????,????????????????????????

2016?,???????????,?112??????? ????? ????????

????????????????????????????????????,??????????,????????“??”?????????????????????????????,???????,???,????????????,???“???”,???????????(??)

?????????:

??????????????????????????????? ????? ????

????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),?,???????????1997?????,????????«???????????»«????????????????»??????«????????????????????»?

???:???