????:1?????????:??spa

2???????????

3?????????

4????????

5???????

????

????????

????????????????????: ?? ???????

???????????????????,??????????,1964???????????????????1???,1984?????7????,1986????????????6???????????????????;??;?????;???????;???????????;????????????;????????????????????????;????;???????????????????;????????????????????????????;??????????????????????? 2023????????????11????,????,???????????????????2024?4???????????,????????????????????2024??7????,????,?,??

?????,????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,????,?????“??”?????????????,???,????,????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????“???”,?????????????,??????????????????????????????????????

????????,????????????????????

?????20??????,????????,??????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????????,????

?2003???????,??????????????“???????????????????”????“??”????,??????????,???????????????????????,?????????,??????,??,??????????????????????????:“????????,?????????,?????????????,????,??,????????????‘????’,???‘??’?”

???????,???????????????,??????????,???,?“???????”?

2004?????????2005???????,????9????,????“???????”?????,?,????????????,???????????????????????????????????,?????????30?????,????????????,???????????16???????????????????????????

2009??????3??,???????????,????????????????,????,??????,???????????????,?,??????????,?????,???????????,??????????????????????????,?,?????“????”???????????

???????????“??????????”??????????????????,?????????????????,???????????,??,????????,??????????????2010??2013???????,????????????,????????,????????????????????????,??????81.16????????????

???????????????????????,????????,?????????“?????”,???“??????????????????”???,?,???????“??????”,???????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????

???????????????????????,?????

??????,??????????“??”?????????????????????,?????,???????????????,??????????????????????????,?“??”???????,????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????

2009?,???,?????????,?,????????????????????????????“??????????????????????”,??????????????,?????????“????????????????”,??????????????,???,?????????????“??????”???????????????????“???????????????????,????”???????,2013??“???????”????????????,?????????????,??????????????????????80??????????,“???”????????,?,?????????4???60???????????????????,??,????????????????????“???????????????”,??????????????????,???,?????,???????“?????”??

????????????????,????“??”,???????????????????????????????????????????,??“??”???????????????,????????,???????????

??????“?”???,???????,“?????”??“????????????????”?2011????,?????????????,?,???,????2013?11??????????????????????,?????????????????,?????,????????????????“??????????????????”???????????????,????,???,????????????,?????????????????,??????,??????????????

?????,???????,?????????????,????,??????????????????????????????,???,?“????????????????????”“??????????????”??,????????,????“???????????????”,????,????????

???,??????????

?,?????????????????,????????,?????????,?,?????????,?????

?????????,?????????????????????????,??????????“??”??????????,???????????????????10????28????2018??????????????????,???????????????????,????????????5??“????????”????????????????60???????????,??????“???”???????????????,??“???????”“??????????”???,????????“?”???????????,?????????,????????

2017????????3??????????,???????????«????????»?,?????????,?,???????????????????79????,????????“??2012??????????????,?????????????”????????????????,??????????2011???,????????????

2023?????????10?????,????????????,??????,???????,??????????????????,????????

????????,???????????,???,??????,????????????????,??,???????????????????????????????,???????,????????????,??????,???????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,??

???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????,???????????????????,????,????

“????????,???,??????????,???????”????????????????????,?????,??????????????,??

?????????:?????????