????:1??????:???????

2????????

3???????

4???????????

5???????

?????????????????????11???23?????????? ??????:???“????”????????

??????????????????

?? ?????????????? ? ??

“??”???????11????????????????18??20???????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)??“?”??????????????,????,“??”??????,????,???,??“????????????????”,??,?????

??????????????????:

???????:??

????????????????????????:20??????????70??????????,?????????????,?,????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????????,?“???”?

?????????????????(Thomas Berry),??????????????“???????”?????“?????”?????????????,???????????????(William Theodore de Bary)?????????????????????,????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????????

2024??????????11???????????20???????,“?????????”?????????????????????????????????????????(?????)??????????????????????? ? ?????

?:??“??”???????????????,?????

??????????????:???????????“??”“??”“????????”?????????????????????,“???????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????,?“????,??;?????,?????”,?“?”???????????

“?????????????”???????,???“??”,??“???”????????,???,?,?????????????????????,??????“??”???????????????“?????”???????????“??”????,??????????,?????????“?????????”????

?,?????,?????????????? ??? ?

????????:?????“???????????????”“?????”“??”??,????????????????????

??????????????????:?????????????????,????????“????????????????????”,??“???”,???“?????????”??“???”?????

????????,????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????,??????????“????”?,?????,??????,???????????

???:???

???????????????????????????????????:???,???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????……?,?“???????”???????????

70???????????«??»????,?????,?“?????????????????”?«???????»,?????????,??????????,??,????????,???????????,????????????????????,??????

??:????

?????????????:??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,??????????,?????????????,???,?????????????????????,????,??????,?????????

???????????????,??,??????????????????????????????“?????????????”????,??“??????”?????,???????????????????,???????,??????

2016?,??????????????,?????????????112?????????? ??????????? ?????????

????????????????????,???????????????????,???“????????????????????????????”??????????,??,??,???????????,????“???”,??(????)

????????????????????????:

??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???

????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???,???????????1997????,???????????????????????????«??»«??????»???«????????????????????»?

???:????????