??1??23?? (? ??)?????23????,2024?????(R&D)?????3.6??(???,??????????),????????????????????????R&D?????(R&D??????GDP????)????
???????????,2024??,??????????R&D???36130?,????????????8.3%,??????
??,2024?????????????????,??????R&D????2.68%,?????????????????0.1???????????????,?????????????R&D?????12?,?????(2.11%),??????(OECD)?????(2.73%)?
?,???????2024??,?????2497??,??10.5%,??????????R&D????2.2?;??????????R&D?????????????????6.91%,???????0.14??????,???????
?,??????,???????,???,?????????????????????,2024?????R&D??????????????????????,???,??(???) ??????????????????:?????
??2???????0.8%??????
?????????,??????????40??
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??????????172?4.9???36.7?
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