????:1????:?????????

2???????vx

3???????

4??????

5???150???????

?????????????????????????2???13???????????? (???????? ???????????????????????)??,????,????,??,?????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????13??????

???????????1967?????????,??????????????????“?????????????”???????,??,????????????????????????,???????

??????,????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????

?????????,???????50GPa????????????,?????“???????????????????”?????????????????????????,???,????????????????

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???????,?????????????,??????????????155±9GPa,??40%?,???????????????1100?,???????????900??

??,?????1.2????????????????????????,???????????????,???,????????????,????????????????????????(??????????????????) ????????:?????