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2???????

3??????????

4??????????????

5?????????????

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???:????????38???:???????????:?????????????

???????????????15?,???????,??????????????????,?????,?????,????

20???60????????????????,????????“??”???????,????????????1986??????????,30??????????????????????????38?????????????????,???????????????????????,??????

????,????????“?????????”“????????????”??,???????????????????????????,“???????,????????????????”?????

2024??5??,??????????? ??????? ?????????????????

??????

?????????????????,11??????????????,?????????????????????,?????“???????”?????,“??”??????

????????,??1987??????«????????????????»?

“?????‘?????’,????????????‘????’?”20?????80?????,???????????,100????????????“??????!”?????“????????????”?

?????????????,??,?????1986??????????,?????????????

?????,???????“???????????????????”???????????????,???????

1987????????????,???????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??????78??????????????,?????????????????2470???

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????????????????????,???????????????????,????1909?????????????«??????????????»,??????350??????????????????,??????????100?????????????,???????“???????????????”????????????????????

1987??????????????????,??????,??(??????????)

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???????????????????,?????????????“?,?????????????”??????,????????,????????????????

???????,????,????,?????

?,???????????????????????????????????,???????????,2003?????,????“?????? ?????????”????????????????,????,?????????????????????

????????“??????????”

??????,????????,????1997???,????,????????100??????,???????“???????”??

“??????,???????????????????!”???????????????????????????,???????????,?????????,???????????????

??????,?????????;??????“????????”?????????400????????????,??10??????????????????????……????????????,????2000??????????????????,??,??????????????,??????????,??????,???????????,???????????

?????????????????,??????????……?????????????,?????

2001?????????????????,????“?”,??

????,??????2019??????????????????,???????????????,??????????????????,??????131??????,??27????,??

?????“????????”

“???????????,??,????????????????????????”??????,???????

?,??????“???”,??????????????2022?2023???,3842????????????520????,?151????????????????????,???

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??,???????????????????,?????????,“???????????,????????????????????????,????”?

“?????,????????????????????????????,??????????,???????????”?????????????(?????????????)

????????????????:

??????????(William Lindesay),??,??????????????,???????????,??«??»«???????????:??»«? ?????»????????????????????,??1998?????????;2006??????????;2008??“?????????????????????”?

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