????:1????????:??????

2????????????

3???????????????

4???????

5?????????

???????2???????????????11?????????? ???????????????:???????“???????????”?????

????????????

? ?????

?????????????????,????“???????”?«?????»?,???,??“????????”?

????????“???”?????????“?????????”???????????“??”????,???????????????????????

?:

????????????????????:??????“?????”,????????

???????????:“??????”?????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????,12??(????????354????????????)????(365.24?????)???11????????,???“????”?????13????,???“?????,????”????

2025??????????????2??3?????????,???????????“???”,??????????????????????“??”????????????? ? ?????

??(?)???(?????)????????,????“????”?????????

??????????????:????,??????????260????,????18???????20?????????,???????“????”?

???????????????????????:?????“?????,??????”,??????????????“????????”??????,???

?????????????:???????,???????

????,???“????”,??????????“??????”?,?????,??“?”,??????“?????”,??????????????????????????????????“???”“??????????????”???????

??,????????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????,????????????“????”?????????,??,??????????????

2023?????????????????9???????????14??????????,?????,?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????

???????:????????????????????

????:????????,????????,?????????????,?????????????,?????,?????

??“??????????????????”,????????????,??,??????????????;???????????,????????????,?“???????????”?????????????????,???????????«?????????????»,?????????????,???????????,????????????“??”?????

??????,??????,?“?????”?????????,?????????????????“????????????”?????????“???????”?????????????,????

????,????“?????”????????????,????????????“?”?????,?????,???????????????????“??????????”????????????????????,??????,??????????,????“???????????”?

???:?????,?????????

???????????????:???????,????????????????????????????????,??????????

?????,???????????????????????????,?????“???”???????“???”,?????????????,?????????,????????????“????????????”,????

?????????????????,????????,?,??????“???????????”???,????????????“???”?????????

?????????????????2024????1?????20???????????,?????????????? ????? ???

“????,??”,?«???????????»??????????,????????,?????“??????”????,?????????400?????????,???,?????,???????,????,???????????????????,??????????(?????????)

??????:

???????

???,???????????????(IAU)?????(A4)????????????????????

????:?????????????????