?????:?????????(R&D)????????

?????1????23?????????? ????????,???????????????,2024????????????????????,?????????????????(R&D)?,?3.6????????????????????(R&D)?,???????????

????????????(R&D)??????

?,??????,???,???????????(R&D)???2024????????,????????(R&D)???????36130???,?????????8.3%,????,??

??????????(R&D)???

???????,2024?????????????,??????????????(R&D)??????????????????????(R&D???GDP??????)??????????2.68%,??????0.10????????????,????“??”??,?????????????,??????????(R&D)?????????????????12????????????,????(2.11%),?OECD???????????(2.73%)?

????????????????

2024??????????,???2497??????,??10.5%,??????????????(R&D)?2.2???????????;?????????(R&D)?????????6.91%,????0.14???,?????????????????????,????????????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?,2024?????(R&D)???,??,???????????,????,?????,????????,?????????????????,?????????????????,??? ???????:????