????:1????????:????????150???

2???????

3???????

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5?????????

?????10??????????2??????????????? (?? ??)????????2?????????«2023??????»??,2023??????(R&D)??????3.3??????(??,??),??33357.1?,???8.4%,???“???”???“?????7%??”???

???R&D??2012???????1?????,2019??2?????????????,2022?????????3?????,??R&D???,??????

????,2023????R&D??(R&D??GDP?)??2.65%,?????????????0.09????,???????“???????”???0.02???,??????????R&D???????12??,???(OECD)??(2.73%)?

??????R&D????2023????,??????????????R&D?25922.2????3856.3?2753.3??????,???8.6%?1.1%??????14.1%??????????????,???R&D????????77.7%,??2022?????0.1???????,?(79.0%)?(79.4%),???(67.4%)??????????(65.8%)???????

?????R&D?,2023????????2259.1?????????3661.5???????27436.5???,???11.6%?5.1%???8.5%?????,????????R&D??6.77%,??????(??) ??????????????????:???