????:1??????:????????

2????????????

3??????????

4???????

5???????????

?/??

??????????????????????????????????,????,??????????????????????

?????????,?,???????????????,????????(GDP)????

??????

????,????????????GDP???????????????????4.8%????,??????,???????????GDP?0.9%,??????????,???????????????

????????????????“????????”????,9?????????????????????????????10??????????????(PMI)??5????,?????????

?????,??GDP??????????????????????2.8%,???????????????????????70%????3.7%,??????????0.9??????????????????????????????3.3%,?????????????0.6???

????,???????,????,????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????

??????GDP??0.9%??????????,???????????,????????GDP?0.2%,???????????????GDP?????????????0.4%?????????0.8%?

?,???????????,????????????????GDP??7.4%,???????????GDP???????5.3%,?????????????????GDP???4.1%,???????????2.9%?

????????,????GDP????0.1%,????????????????,????,?2.2%???2.3%,???????????2.4%?

??????????????????????

??????,??????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????

?????????????,???????,????????

?????????????,????,????????????(IMF)????,??,?????????7%,?????GDP?????????,?????????????

?????????????,?????2023????????????10??????????,2024????????????2.7%,????2023????1.2%????????????????

????,??????“??????”“???????”????“????”?????????,?????

????????,“??”?????2000?2023??????,“??????”????“?????????????”??25.1%????42.1%,????????????????????“????????????”????32.1%???????48.8%?

?????????“???????????????”????????2000??????????????2023??,“??????????????”?????2.2%?????5.4%,???????????4.0%???11.9%?????????“??”??? ???????????:????????