????:1?????????:????????

2?????

3???????

4??????????????

5??????????

????/?????????

??????????????????,?????????,?????????????????

??????????,???????????????,??????,??(GDP)??????????????

?????????????

?????????,??GDP????????4.8%?????????,???????????????,????????????????????GDP??0.9%,????,?????????????

?“???”????,9???????????????????????????????????10??????(PMI)?????5?????????????,??????????????????

???????,???????????GDP?????????2.8%,???????????70%????????????3.7%,????????0.9??????3.3%,?0.6?????

????,????,????????????,??,???????,???????????????????????

???????GDP???????????0.9%??????,??????????????,????????GDP???????0.2%,????????GDP??????????????0.4%???????????????0.8%?

???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,??GDP?????7.4%,????????????GDP??????????5.3%,??????????????????GDP??????????????4.1%,?2.9%?

????,????GDP????0.1%,????????????????,??????????????????????,??2.2%??????????2.3%,??????2.4%?

???

????,????,?????????????,????????

??????,?????????????,???????????

??,??????????????,????????????????(IMF)????,??????????????,???7%,?????????????GDP??????????????????????,???

????????,??2023???????10?????????,2024?????2.7%,???????2023?????????1.2%????????

?????????????,????????????????“????”“???????????”???????“????”??,???

?????????,“?”??????????????????????2000??????2023?????????,“????”??????????“????”??????????25.1%?42.1%,???????????“????????????”????32.1%????????48.8%?

??“?”?????2000????????????????????????2023????,“?????????”??????????????????2.2%????????????5.4%,????????4.0%???????11.9%????“????”????????????? ????:?????