????:1????????:??????????

2??????????

3???????

4????????????

5????????????

??????????

?????????

????????? ?????????????

????????????

??????????????????????????????,???,????,?????????1939??,????????????1963???????????????,1985??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????

2024?2???????????????????3????,“?01???”??????????????????520???????,???????????????,??????????????,??????,??????????????

?????????“????????”?????,????????????????????“???????2030?????????,‘?????????????????’????????????????????200???????????????????????????????”????????(????,???),????????????“?????????????????????????????????????????????”????????,????

???????????,????????

???????,?????????????????40??????????????,??,????,?????,???????“???????”??????????

????????????????????????,???????:?????1982?????,?“??????????????????”;1985????,??????

??????????,????????1985??2??????????????,??????????,3??????????????,??

?????????????????(??????????????,2000??????)??????????1955??????????????5???????????????80????????????????,????????

?????,?????????????????????????????«??????»????????«???????????????»,????????«??????»???????????????????????

?????????,???????????????????,??????????????????????,??????“???GNSS(???????)???????????”,?????????????“GNSS?????????????”?,?????????

?????????,?????????,?????

????????????????????,???

??????,??????????????????????,????????,??????????????

“????,???”?“????????????”??,????????????,??????????

?????????????,????????????,????????????????“??”?????300?3??5?,??????????9000??????????????????????????????1:5??,????????

2003??????,??????,?????????????:“????????????????5??????????10????????????????,???????????????”2006??????????,?«????????????(20062020???)»,2010?????

“???????,?????”????????10?????,????????,????????,????????

???,????????,?????????“?????,????”,??????????????????,?????????????????,???????,????????

“????????????????”?????????????????????“????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????‘??????’????????‘????????????????’,??”?????????????????

????????????,???????????????

????????,???,???

2014????????,?,??????????????????10?????????,????,19???????????????,??????????????????

“????,?????????????,?????????”??????????????????

???,???????????????“??????;???,??????;?????????????????????,??……”????????????????,???

??????????,??,??????????????????«??»?????1997????9??????????????????????????,7???????????,????????????20?????????????

??????????????????,???????????????“?????????????”:“?????,??????”?????????????????,??????????????,???????????,“??????????????,??????……”

2022?,???????????????,???????????????????????10????????????,?????????300??

“???????????????,??????,??”?????????,“????????????,???????????????????????,???????????????????????,??,??????????????????????”

??

???????

???????????????? ???????????

????

??,??????,?????????????????????1963????,????????1984??,1994??????????????????????????????????????????,????????????

?7??????????????????????????11???????????????????????,??????????????,???????????(????????????,???)?30??

????????????,?????,????????????????????????,??????,?????????,??????

??????????????,??“??????????????,???????????,????????”?????????

“????????,????‘??????????????0?????????????1’????”

“??,?????????????????‘??????0?????1’???????????”,???

????????,??????,?????

??2009??,???,??????,?????????????????????????????????,??????,????

??????????,??????????????????????

???1000???????????????????????????,2012???????????????????,?????????131????????????,?????2013??,?????????«?????»?????????,???????????“????????”?

?,?????????,???????????????????

2005??????,?????????????????????????????????????????????8????????????????2012?????????????,??????????,???,????????,???

??2017?????????,????,????;2018???????,???,????……

???????????????,????????????????????,????????????????“?,?????????????????????????????”?????

“????,???????????????,???????????????????????”

???????,????????????

?,??????????,???????5??,????????????????????,4??????????????????,?????1000?????????

?????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????“?????????”,???????????????

2012??????????????,??,????,??,??????????????????????????,?????????????,“?????????????”?

?????????????????????,????????????????“????????????”??????????????,?????,???????????????????,??????3???????,?????????????1000????????????,??,???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????

????????????????????,????,?????????????,?????????????????????,“???”??,????????????????,???????????3??????????,????????????????1987??,??????????,???????

??????????,???????????????,?,???????????,“??????,???????????????????????”????,?????????

??????????????????????????,???????2013????,2020??????……????????????????????????,???????,??????????“???,?????????????????????????????????,?????????”?????

“??????????,???”

??????,????????,??????????????????,??

?????????????????????,?????,??????,?????????

?????????????,???????????,???????;???,?,???????????“????”?

???????,????“??????????????????????”????????????,??????,??????????????,??????????,????????????????“????????????”,??????????

????,??????????????,?????????,???????????,????????????????

??????????????????????????????????,?????,?????,???????,???;???,????,??????????????????????????,???????????????1?????????????????,30??????

??,2023??????????????10??????,???????,???????????1953????,???????????,????????????,??????????2018????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????

“??????????,??????”????????,?????????????????????????????,????,“???,??????”(?) ????:???????????????