?????75????(?????????)

????:????????:?????????

?????????????75??????????75??,????,?????????????????????,?????,???????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,??????

????,????,?????,2023????????223??????????????????GDP??????????????????89??????????43.6?????????????……?????75????????????,“???”???????75????????????,????“??”??????????????,?????,????

?? ??????????

???7.9%

???

???,???????,????????????,???????????,??1952??679??????????,???????????????????1978??3679??;?,?????,1986????????????1???,2000??????????????10?????????????,2006?????????20????,????????12??????????10??,2020????????100????,2023?????????126?????????????????,????????????????????,2023????1952????????????????????????223??????????,???????7.9%;??,19792023????????????????8.9%,??????????????3.0%?????????????

????????????GDP???8.9??

???????

1952???,??GDP?????119?????????????????,??,??GDP???2019????????????????????,???GDP??????????70078???,?10158??,??1?;2023????????????89358?????,???????1952???89????,????????6.5%,?????????12681??,??????3?????1.2??????????????????,2023?????????(GNI)????????1.34?????????????????,????

???????

????

?,?????????,??1952?????????????,??????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????

????,?????????,????????,????????????,?????????????2023??????,????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???????????,??????????????9??????1.3?,????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????,????,???????????“????+”?????????????

“????????”??22.4?????????????

??

?,??????????????,??????????????,???????,??????????????

20132023??,?????????????????8.7%?10.3%,????,????????????????????5G????????,“???”?????,????????????????????????????

?????????2023????????,?????????????421????;???????????,???????????????????

???????????,?????????????????????????????,“???????”??????????2023??,?????????“????”??22.4?????????,?????????????GDP????????????????17.73%?

??

??????

1949?????2.2??,???????????8.1??,???????????75??????????????,?,??????????,???????????????????,????????????

2023??????????,??15.9????????????,?1949????6??????????,????4.5?,??????????2/3?;???????????544??,??????????66??????????????,?18.4??????,???????????;??12.8???????,??74.1%;?????????876?????????????????,2023?1.7????,???????????2016?????????10???????,????????????,????????????????????????????????????

?????????????3.92????????????????

????????????

1949??49.7?????1978????????????,???171?,??????????151????????????,??????,????????????????,???,????????,??????2023???????????,?????39218???????????,??????1949????76?,???????6.0%;?26796???????????,?1956?36?????,?5.5%?

??????????????????????????,?????,???2023???,????29.8%,??????????1978??????????34.1????;???45.2%,??2013?????????????????????5.5?????????????,?????????,????2023??,?????49.7??,??????145.9??????????,?????????2013????2.9????????????2.1?????????

???????

??????????????????

????,????????????????????????,???

??,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????,??????????,??????,???,??

2023??,???10.66???????????????????????,????????1989???10.09???????;????????????????????????????????????2.44????3.02?????????,?????1994????1.64????????????2.84????,??,?????,?????????

9899????????

?

?,????????????????20?????????????5070????????,??,??????????,??“????????????????????”?,???????????????????????????,?????

??????????????,?????????,?????????????8???????????,?2020??????????9899???,832???,12.8???,????,????,????????10????????????????«????????????2030??»???????,????,??????????

???????????60%

??????

??????,????????????????,????,??????????

2023???,??????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????????????1.6???????4542????,??????????1949?????????6.4????103?,?(OECD)???????????

?,????,??2023????,????????????60%,??????????;???????????????1982??8???????11.05???????????,?????????????????

????

????

1950????,????????11.3?,?????????????????????1978????????????206???????????????????????????,??,2001?,????????,???

??,??,??,???????????????????????????????1978?????????????1%????????????2023?????????12.4%,?????7???????????????“????”??,???150???30??230??????????“??”???????,???????25????????????200?,???“?”?

??????????

????????

?????????,?,????????????????????,?????????????????,???1999????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2012?????????????????????????????,??,?????????????4.9,???????1952????8.1?

?,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????20132023???????????,???????????6.9%?7.1%,????2023??????????????,???????????????46.7%?24.4%,?????????2012?2.9?????0.9???????

?46.3??

?

????????????,???,????1956????????????“?”?,???????????????????,???????,???????????,??

?,?????,??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????“??”,?????????????????????,?????11????,????????????,????????????????????2023??,???,?????????????46.3????????

?????????????66%

?

??????,??1949???10.64%,1978????17.92%??,????????,??????????????2023???,????????9.3???,????1978??????????????????????????????7.6??????????;?????66.16%,??????????48.24???????????

?,????????????????,??,???2023????????????,?????????????48.3%,???????????????2015??8.4?????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????????,?????2012??????????2.88:1????????2023??2.39:1?2023??????????????????,?12.4:1,?2013????????1.4?2023?460????????,????99%????????,??14.4??

?????????3246???????????????6833??

?

1949???????????,?????????????????,?????????,??????????,?????????2023??????????,?????3246????????????????6833?????????,?1949?????59???????????325???????????;??119?(?????)?

????????,??????????????????,?????,?????????,??????????????????2022?,??4.46%,?2013??????????????????????0.77???????????;???????2012?888?2023?1622?????????????

?????78.6???????

?????

?,????,????????75?????????,??????????,?????????,?????????2023???,??107??,?1017????,?????????????1249????????

?,???????????????,???,????2023???,????????????13.34?,??????2018??????????95%??????2023????????????,????????????78.6??????????,???1949???????43.6?,???????????????????????????

?????????????24.02%

??????????

20?50??,???????????????????,?????,??,???????“????”???????2022?????????????????,?9014???,???20??????????80???????????????25??????30???????????????????????;?18%,?????????

??,“????????”??????????24.02%?2023??????????????,??????(PM2.5)??????2016??????????28.6%,???????21.6?????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??“???????”??“???”,????(????) ????????????:???????????????