????:1????????????:??????

2????????

3?????????

4????????????

5???????

????/????????

??????????????????????,?????,???????????????????????

??,?????????,???????,???????????????????(GDP)????????????

??????

?????????????,???????????????????GDP????4.8%???????,????,?GDP????0.9%,????,???????????

??????????????“???????”?,9???????????????????????????10????????????(PMI)????5????????????????,???????

????,????GDP????????2.8%,?????????????????70%????3.7%,????????????0.9?????????????????????3.3%,?????????????0.6?????

????????????????????,???,?????,???????????????,?????????????????,????????????????

???????????????GDP???????????0.9%???????,??????????????????????,?????????GDP?????????????0.2%,??GDP???????0.4%????0.8%?

?????????,????????????????,??????????GDP?7.4%,???????????GDP??5.3%,?????????????GDP????4.1%,????2.9%?

????,??????????????GDP????????0.1%,?????????,??????,???????????2.2%???2.3%,?????????????2.4%?

???

??????????????????????,??,???????????????????????????????????????,??

?????????,??????,?????

???????,??,???????????????????(IMF)???,?,?????????7%,????GDP????????????,????

?????????,????????2023??????????????10??????????,2024??????????????????2.7%,???????2023???????????1.2%?????????????????

????,??“?????”“????”?????????“????”?????????,???????????

???,“???????”?????????????2000??????????????2023??,“??????????????”?????????“?”????????????25.1%??42.1%,??????????“?????????”?32.1%???48.8%?

?????????????????“?????????????????????”???2000????2023????????,“??”?2.2%?????5.4%,????????4.0%??????11.9%?????“????????????????????????”???????????? ???:?????