????:1???????:??100?????????

2???????

3???????

4??????????

5??????

?9???????????????????4???????????? ??4??,???????????????????,????????2023?????????0.1%?????????????,?????????????0.2%?

??????????,??????????????,???????????????

?,2025???????2026???????????0.5%,????1.1%????;????2026?????????????????1.1%?

???????????????????(Stefan Kooths)?????????????????,????????,????????????????????????,????????????????????

“??,???????????,??????”????????????????????????(Moritz Schularick)??,????,????????????????????????????????????,???,??“???,???”(???????????????????????????????????????) ?????????????????:???