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2???????

3????????500???

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????:????????????????38????????????:???????:??

??????15??????????,?????,??????????????????,????????????,????????,?????

20?60???????,?????????“??????????”????????,???????1986??,30????????38??,?????????????,???????

???????,???“??????????????”“??”?????,?????????????????????,“??????,??”??????

2024??5????????????????????????,????? ??????? ?????

???????????????????????????

??????????????????????,11????,???????????????????????????????,???????“?”????,“?????”???

??,???????????????1987??«?????????»?

“????????????‘??’,????????‘???’?”20??80??,??????,100??????“??!”???????????“????”?

????,???????????????,????1986?,?????????????

?,???????“?????????????”????,??????????????

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1987???????????????,????????,?????????????????(?????)

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????,???“??????????????????,???”????????,???,???????????????????

??,????,??????????????,???

??,????????????????????,???????,2003??,???????????“???????????????????? ??????????????????”??????????????????????????????,???????????,?????

???????????“???????????????”

????????????????,????,???1997??????????????????,???,?100??,??????????????“????????????????????”??????

“?,??????????????????????!”????????????????,?????,?????????????,?????????

??????,???????;???“????”???????400??????????,????10??????……????????????????,??????2000??????,??????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????,?,????,?????

???????????????,???????????……??,???????

2001???????,??????????????“??????”,?????????????????

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???“?????”

“??????,?,????????????????”?????????,???

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??????????????,??????????????????????,????????,“????,???????????????????,?????????”?

“???????????????????????,????????????,??????,??????”?????????????????????(???)

??:

?????????(William Lindesay),???,?????,????,????????«????????»«??????:????????????»«?????? ??????????»??????????????????????,?1998?;2006???????????????????;2008?????“?????????”?

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