????:1???????:???????????

2???????????

3??????

4??????

5???????????

???????10??????????14???(??????)2024??????“??????????????????”?????????10???14??????,2024?????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson??????????James A. Robinson???

“??”?????????????????

????????????????????“?”???,??????????????????“?????????????”,?“?”????????????????????????????

??????1968???,?????????,?????????????,?????

????????????“???????????”,??????????????????,????67????????2007????????(Leonid Hurwicz),?????????,?90??????????????????2019??(Esther Duflo),?????46???

??,??????????????????????,?????????????2009?????(Elinor Ostrom)?

???????????:????????????????????????

??????“?????”?

????????????????1969?????????2024???????????,????56????,??90?????????,?????????

“????????????,??????,???????????”???????????????????

1994???????“????”??????????????«??????????????????»???????2015?????????????,???????

2002??,??????????“???????,??????”???

??:2018?????

2018??????????????,???????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)??????????????????????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),???????????:“????”?“???????”?

????????????????,???,?,??????

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?????????????????????????????,????????????????,??“??”,“??”?

2017???????????????????????????(Richard Thaler)???????????????“???????????”????,?????????????????????????????,????,????????????????????,????,?????

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???,???7????????????,?????500???????????????5??????,???????

???????????????????:2019???,???????????

2019??,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????

“2019?????????????????,?,????????????????????????????”??(??????????)

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