????????????,???????

????:??????:????150?????

10?15????,?,?,?????????????

?,?????????????1915???????????????10????????????????15???????,?109????,???????????

“?????????????????”

?????,????,??????,?????????????,????????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????,????,???????,??????????????????????????????????????

????,?,?????????“???????”,“????”?

2001???????????7????????????? ???

??????????????????????,??????????????,????????“????????????????????????,??,????”?????????????????????????,??????????!

2005?????????????????????????????1????????????? ???????????«“????????”???“???????”»

??????,?????????????????????????????“?????????????”,???,?????,??????,??

2014???????11???????????? ??

????????,?,???,????????????????,???????????????,??,??,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????

2015???????1? ???????????

????,????????,???“????,???????????????”?

2015?6? ????

??????????????????,????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????

2021????9???????????? ?????2021???

??????????????1950?????????????5?,?????????????????????????????,???????????????1???4700?,??“???????”????????,??????,???,??????????????“????”?????????“??????????????”,??,????????????????????,??????????????1953????????7????????,???????1?,????,????,?????,??????????????????????:“????????,??????????????,?????????!”?????????,?????

“??????????,

??????????”

?,????,??“????????”?

???????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????

1949????,??????????????????,????,?????????248?????,??345?,???0.12%???????,??,???

??????,??????????:“????,?????”

1952?,??????????,?????????????,???“??????????????????????”,?400?????????????????????

????412????,??????????????????,???????????

1955???,????,?????????????????????????????????,????,???“?????????????????????????????????????????”?????????????????

? ????????,??????????

“?????????????,

????!”

????,????????????????????????:“??????????,???????????!”

1958??3????????12???????????,?????????????????????????????,????20??????????????????,????????????

???????????????????,???????????,?????????,?????????

??????????????????,??????????????,???????????????,?:“?????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????”

??????????,????,?????,???????????????,????????????????????

?????????,???????????????,??????????,??

? ????????????

??????,??14??????????????,????20????????????????????????60???????,??7.3??????,???????412??,???????96%??,???????141????“????????????”,?????

????1980???????,????????????????1981?????????????1???????????????30?,???,??66????????

“????????????????,

?????”

????????:“????,??????,????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??????,??????????!”

? ?????????

????????????,??????

?,????;??????????,??“???????????????”,?33????????;?????????????????,???????????5??????????“??????”???????????,??????????,?,???

? ???????

???,???????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????

“????????????????,?”,??????????

1999???,?????2004????????????????2?????????,?????????,?????????“??????????”“????????”?

??,?????,?,????????,?,??

???????????????????!

???????????:???