????:1???????:???????????

2?????????

3???????????

4???????

5????????vx

?????????11????????20???? ???:“??”?????

??????????

?????? ??????

“????????????????”????????????????????????“?????????????????”“??????????,???????”“??”????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????“?????????????????”???,??“????”,????????,???,??????????????

?????:

?????:???

??:??,?????????,“??”(????800??200???)??????????,??????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,????“????????”?

??????????,?????????“???????????”????????????,????,????????“??????????”“??”??????,???,???????????????????,“?????”??,????“????????????????????”,????????????

????????????????

??:“????”??????

?:????????????????(Louis Henkin)?,“??????,??,??,???”“???????????????????”???????????????????,????“?????”??“??”???(??),??,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,????

????????????????,“???”???????????,??“?????????”,??,??????,??«?????»???????,???162?????“???????”,???“????”?????????????????????????,“??”(«??»),“?”(«??????????????????????»),??“????????,????”(«????????????»),?“??,????”(«??????????»)????“??,??”(«???????»,??????????????????«???????????????????»)??????????,???“????”???

?????????????????,“????????????????”??,???“??”,???,????«?????»????“??????????????,??,??,???????????”(«?????????»)???????“????????????????,??,????”(«?????????????????????????»)??????????????????????????“????”??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“?,???,?,??”(«???????»)??????????????“??”???,??,??????

????????????,“????”?????,??“???????????????????”,????????,???????????????????????,??????????,???????????“?”??,??????,“????????????????????”?????“???????????????????”(«????????????????»),?????????????????????,?????“??????,?????”(«??????????????????»)?“??”????????“?????”(«???????»)???????“??”(«????»),??????“????”(«????????»)?????“???????”?????“????????????”????????????????????,????????????????????“?????”“????????”“?”????,???????“??”???,???????????????,???????????????????????“?????,????????????????”(«???????»)?“??????????????,????????”(«???????????????»)?

??????????,“???”??,??“???”,?????,???????????,?????????????,??“????????????”??????????,??????????????“???????”???????,???????????“????”(«???????????»),????,??“??????”????????“???”“??”,????????????“?????,???????????”(«????????»)?“??,?????”(«????????????????????»),???????

????,“????????????????????????”?“???????”“?????????????”“????”“??”“?????????????????”?????????????,“?????”??,“???????”???,“?????”?????????,“?????????”??,“???????”????????????????,“??”?????????????,????????????????????????????,??????

???????????????

??:????????????????????“????”??????????

?:“??”????,????????????????????????????,???????,?????,?????????????,??????,???????????????,?????????????,????,?????

??????????????????????????????“???”???,???2300???????,?????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,?,??,?????????????????“????”???????????????????,????

??:????“??”?????“???”?

?????????????????????:????,“????????????????????”????????????????????????????????“????”??“??????????”,??:?????????“???????????????”?????,????,????????;???,????????,???????????????????????????????,????;??,?????????????,???????,??(?????)

??:

????????

????????????,????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????,???,???«?????????»??????

???:???