????:1????????????:??????

2????????

3??????63

4??????

5??????

???????????????????7????15??????????????????(?? ????)???????,???????,??????,????????????????????????,??????????,??????????

????5???????????????????,??????????????????????2023????,??(?????“??????”)??????????????5???????????????,???

??????,?????1991???????????,2018???7?????????????,????,?,???????????????????????30???????????,?????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????,???????550??,??????10.6????????,????????????????????????????,????,??????????????????,???????

“????(??)????,???????,????????28??(1?????????????????=0.01??????????)???,????????????????”??,?,??,?????

???(??)?????????? ???????????????

??????,??????????????????????????????????????,??,????????«????????»,????????????????????????????????????,???????????

????,????????,2018??«??????»??????????????;2021??10???,?????????????????????,???????«?»,????????????????,??«???????»«????»???????

BIM(????????)???????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????BIM??,??????????????,?????,??,????????????????,??????????

??????,????????????????????????????????,????,????????,???????????,?????

2020?????????,????,????????????,???????????????????,?????????BIM?????,???????????????,??????,?,?????????????????????“??????”???????,???????

????“????????????”?????????? ?

30???????????“??????????”?2016??????????9???????????????,???“??”??????,??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”????“?”?????????????

???????,???????????“???”????,??????????????????????“?????????????”???,?????????????“?”?????????????“??????????????,????,??????,??????”??????????,???????????????(??????????????)

???????????????????:???????????