????:1?????????:??????????

2????????????

3??????????

4?????????

5??????????

???11?20????????????????? ????????:“??????????????”????

?????????????????

?? ????????

“???”??????????“????”“??,?????”“??????????”???????,?????????????????“??”????????????????????,?????“???”,??,?,?????????

??:

???????:??????

??:????????????,?????????????????????,“??????????”(?800????????200??)?????,??????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????“??????????”?

??????????,???“?????”??????????,???????????????,????“??”“?????”????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,“????”????????,??“???”,????????????????????????????????

?????????????????

?????????????:“?????”????????????????

???????????????????:??????????????????????????(Louis Henkin)????,“???????????????????????????????,????,??,?????????????????????”“????”????,??“??????????????????”????“??”???(????????????????????????????),???,????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????????????

????????????????,“??”????,????“????”,????,?????,??«??»???,??162??????“???”,?????“????”?????????,“??????????”(«?????????????»),“?????”(«????????»),?????“??,???”(«?????????????»),??“??,????????????”(«???????????????????????????»)????“?????,?????????”(«?????????»,?????????????????«?????????»)??????,???“?????”????????

????,“??”???,?“??”,????????????????,????????«??????????»??“????,?????,???,?????????”(«??????????????»)???????“??,??,???”(«????????????????»)?????????????????“????”??,???????????????????????“??,????,??????????????,?????????”(«????????»)???????????“?????”?????,?????????????,???

???,“????”??,????“??”,??,????????????,???????????,???“???”????????????????????,?????????????????,“??”???“?”(«??????????»),???????,??????“??,?????????????”(«???????????????????????»)?“???”?????????“??”(«????????????????????»)???“??”(«????»),????“????????”(«??????????????????????????????»)????????“?”????“??????”?????,???“??”“?????????????”“????”?????,????????“?”??????????,????,???“?????????????,?????”(«????????????????»)?“??,???”(«?????»)?

??,“????”????,?????“???????”,???,???????????????????,????????,?????????????????“???????”????,??????“???????”?????????,????????“???????”(«????????»),???????,?????“???”?????????????????????“?????????”“??”,?????“???????????????????????,????”(«????????»)?“??,??”(«???????????????????????????»),??????

?????,“???????”??“???”“????????”“????????????”“?????????????????????”“??????”???????????????????????,“??”??,“????????????”????,“????????????????????”????????????,“????????”?,“?????????”?????????????,“????”?????,???????,??????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????

??:???????“??”?????????????????

?????????:“??”????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??,?????????????????????,?????????,??,???????????????,??,???

?????????“???????”?????,?????2300????,?,???????????????????????????????????,????????????,???,????????????????????????????“??”????????????????????????????????????????,??????

????????????????:??????????????“?????”???“??”?

??????????:???,“???????”???????????????????????“?????”??“?????????????????”,????:??????????????“???”???,?????????????,????;????,?????????????,??,?????;?????,?????????????,???????????,????????(???????????????)

??:

???????

??????,????,????,?????????????????????????????????,???,??????????«?»???????????????

?????:???