????:1??????????????:?????????

2?????????

3?????vx

4??????

5?????SPA

??????????????6????????25?????????? (??)????????????????“??”????25??????????,?????????????

25????,????????? ?

?????????????,???????????????????,??“???????????????????”?????????????????,????76390???,?????????67227???????,????9163??????????????????????40??????,2023????????25847???????????????????????????,?18%,?????????????????

???(IMO)??????????????????“????”??“??????????????,??????????”,??,?????????????????????????,???????????????

????,????40?,??????“?????????????????????????????????????”???????????????,????????????,???????????????????

????,?,?,?,?????????????“??”????,????,????????,???????????,??????????(?????)

???:??????????????