????:1??????:??????

2????????????

3??????

4???????????

5????????

?10??14????????(????)2024????“???????”???????????????10??????????14????????????????,2024????????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson???James A. Robinson???

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????????????????????“?”??????????,????“?????”,???“??”???????????????

???????????1968?????????????,??????????,????????,????

??????????????“??”,????????????,???????????????67??????2007???(Leonid Hurwicz),?????????????,????????????90?????????????????????????????2019????????(Esther Duflo),???????????????????????????46???????????????????

??????,????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????2009????(Elinor Ostrom)?

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?“??????????”?

?????1969??????????????2024????????,???????????56??,??????90????????????????????????????????,???????

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1994????????????????“?”?????????????«???????????????»???????????????????????????????2015???,?????????????????????

2002????,??????????“?,??????????”?????????

??????????????????:2018???????????????????????

2018????,???????????????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)???????????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),????:“???”?“?????”?

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