?? ???????? ???????????????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2019/0708/20190708102156992.jpg)
????:1??????????????:????
2???????????
3???????
4???????????
5??????????
???????????8???????????7???????(????)1920?????????,??????????«????????????»,?,???“????”?????????????
80??????????????,????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????
?,??????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????,??????????,?“?????????????????????”????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/ypt/2024/240807/88c49b7a-c81a-49e3-b30a-82738c046cfc_zsite.jpg)
? ???????????????????
???????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????
???,???,?????????,??????????????????
??????,????????????????????,?????????????1947????????11????????????????,??????????????,????????????
“?????,??????,????,??????‘????’????????????????”??????????????????????????,????????
2011??????????????,??????????,????
???,????????????,15??????24??????,???,????
“?,????«????????»????,?,????????????????????????????,???????????‘??????????????????’???????”??????????????
????????????????,?????
???????????1946??????,???????,???????????
??????????????,??????????1949???????????????7?????,?????????????,???????????,????????
?????????,??,1.62?????,?????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/ypt/2024/240807/20e6f1d2-8934-4fb2-a181-88bb511f38b4_zsite.jpg)
??? ?????????????
??,???,?????????????????????????
“??‘????????????????’,??????????‘?????????’???????????????????”“?????????,???????????????,?‘????’?????”“???????,????,?????????”……
????????????“??????????:??????”????,???????????????,?????????????“?????????????????????????????”??????
?????,???????2014??,??????“????????????????”?????,????,???“??”???????????????
?????????????????,???«?????????»,?????«?????????»????,????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
“???«???????????»?????????,????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????,?????????,????????”???????????????
2021????????3?????????19???????????????????,???????????????80???????,?????13????,?????
???????????????????,?,???????????????????,???????????????,????;??,???????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/ypt/2024/240807/68534036-0990-4f5f-ac7e-2d813e1de0c7_zsite.jpeg)
??????????????? ???
????,???????????????,?????????
??,??,????????????????????1933????????????1???????????1?????«????????????????»??????“?”???????????????,????,???,??????????«?»?????????????????,??????????“????????????”??
“?????????????????????”“??????”??????400??,???????????????????142???????????????240???????????,???“???????????????????”????????????????????????????????“????”?
????????“????????????????????????”???????????????,????????????????«???????????????????????»?
???,“1932??????,??????????,?????????????????,?????????????????”
?????????????,????????????“??・??????????????????????????”?????????,??????????????????????,???????????????,???????????,???????
??????3???19?????,????????«???»??????????????????,?,??????,????????????????????????????????????
????????,??????????????????,????????????????????????
“???,??????”????????????
?????????????????,?????????,???????,?????,???????????????????????,?,????????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????????(???????)
????:???