?? “??”???????? ??
????:1???????:???????
2??????
3?????????
4???????
5?????wx
????????
2024???????????9??19????9????14?,????59?????60???????????????,?????????,??
????????1994?????????,“?????????????????”???????
????
?????59??????????????60????,??:??,???
??,?2020???6???????????23??????????,?55????????????????????,?????56?????????????58?,???59?????????????????????????????60???????,??????????????????????????,????????????????????5????????,?,???,?,?????????
????????????,????????????“????????”?????????????????,?3???:?????????????(GPS)?????(GLONASS)?????????????(Galileo)?????GPS?????????????????,?????????????????,?,????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,????,??????????????,??????????
????????????????20???,????,?????:2000????????????,????,?????????????????????,????????????;2012????????,????,???????????????????????????????????;2020????,?????????????,??????????????
?????????????
???????,??
??????????:????????????????????????,????????????????,?,?????????????????“???”???????
???????????,???3??????,??,?,???
?????????????:?A????????5???????????????A???5?????????,????,???????????
?:?????B??????????????12????????????????????????B????12??,??????A??????????????,???????
????????:?????????????????????C?????????9???????,???
?????????????????,??????????“???,??”??????????????,?????A???????10?????????????????,???????80???????????????????????????????A????????????????????70?????????,??70??????????????(299792458??/??),???????????“????A?????????????????????????????”?????????20985472??????????
?,?,??????????????????????????????????,??,?????????,??????????????????????
???,??????????30????????????????????????????????,???????????????:???????????,?????????????,??????????,??????????????????(?),?????????,??????
?,?????????????,??????????4??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????GPS???????????????“???4????????”“?6???”?,??4???
3??
????????????4?,?????????????????????,???????,????35????????????????59???????????????60???????,?2007?????????????????????????????????4????????????,????????,?????????60??
??????????,????????3?????????????
??????????????????(GEO)????????????????35786????????????,?,??,?????????GEO??????????,?????????????,3?GEO???????????????????????????????????(2000??????2007???????),??????
?(IGSO)?????????????,?????,??????????“8”,?????????????????????,GEO??,????????????,?????IGSO?????????,??
??????(MEO)????????????????????????????????2??????????,??????????????????,24?55°?,?????3??????????????????,???????,????????
???4???????3??28??????????????????????????,1???????(????????56???????)????4?????????(????????57-60?)???
?????“??????????”
???????,???????????????,????,????0.5???????????,?????????????550??????????,?1?!????????????,??,?????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????,??????????15??????????????????“550?????????1???????????????”??????,?????????,?????
?????,?????????,????;???????????(??),?????????,??????????????????,?????????????,??????300??????????????
?????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????,?????,??,?????,?????????????????????37?????,??,?????????47??????,????,?“??”,?????????????
??????????,???,???,???????????????????????????????????????????,???????,??????,????????
????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????????,???????
???
???????,???????????????????????????????????,??????????????????“?”,?“????”,??????????????“?????????”“??????”,???????????????????
??????????2008????????,???????????,??????????????????,????????????,???????,????,????,?????????????
2023?????????11??????????????,????«?????????»????????????????????10????????????????(ICAO)??????????,??????,???????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??,?????????????????????????????????“?????????”,????????????????????????????????,?????,??????,??????????,?????????????
?,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,????????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,????,??????????????????,“???2035???????????????,??????????????????????”
????????????????59????????????????????60?????????,??“?”???????????,??????????????????????????,?,??????????????(???????????????????)
????????:???????? ???:???????