?? ??????????????

????:1??????:???????
2???????
3?????????
4????????
5???????????
?????????????????2025??????2??????????????????21?,?????????????«????»??????“Base-modified nucleotides mediate immune signaling in bacteria(??????)”?????????(????)????,??“???”(Kongming),????“????????????”???????????,??????
?,??????????????,????“??????”?????1950????????????????(??cAMP?cGMP)??,?????????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????,??,?????????KomA(????????????A)?KomB(???????B)?KomC(?????C)??????,??????????????????(DNK)??????????“??????”:KomA??DNK?????????,??(dAMP)?????????????????????????????????????dITP???KomC?????????NAD⁺,??“???????????????????????”??????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,?“??????????”??????,?????????????“???”???,???????
???,“???????”?????????????????,???????(??????????????????KomB-KomC??????KomA)??????,??dITP????????????????????????????:?,??????????????????(??????????ADA??????)?????????????,????
(???? ??????????? ??) ???:?????????????????????