????:1??????????:????153

2????????????

3???????????

4???????????

5??????????

2024????,??????,????????????????????

2024?????????????????,?????????“???”?????????????,????????,????????

?????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????

????????

???????????“?????????”,????????

????“?????????????????”,????????????????

2024??????,???,?????????,???,???

??????????????????,??:??30?????????????5???????,2024??????????????150????????????,?????????????????????????,??,????

?,???????????????????,??,????????,??????????????????????????????????????

?????,????????,???????????,“????????,??????????,????,????,???????????????”

??????????????

???:“?????,?????????????,????????????????,????????,?,????????????????????”

????

??????????????????,????

????????????????????????????????????,????,2024??,????,?????????“??????????????????????????”??????

??,????????;????????????????,????????????????;?????????????????,???,??????????????,???????????

??????????,???????????,???????????????????????????,?????????????9??????????26????,????????,??????????,??????????????,?????????????

???,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

“??????????????????????????????????????????????????,????”????????????????,???????????

???????????12???????“???????”,????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,????,????????,??????????????????

???????????1??????,????????,?????????????????;??????????,?????????????????;????,?????

??????????????;?????????????????;???……????????????,???

????????????“????????”???????????????????,????,???

?,??

12???9????????,????“????????????????”,???????“??????”???????????

“??,???????????”

??????2024???????????????????,??????????“?????????”???????

“??????????,?????????????,??????,???,???????‘?’?????????????????????????????????????????”

??????????????

?????

??????,??????,?????????????

??????,???????“?????????????”??????????“?”,17?????????????????????????????????,9?,??????????????10???,???(PMI)????????,11??????????????????????????,???????????????????,???,????

“??????”?,??????????????????,??????,??????????????“0”??????????????????????????????“1”????????????,?878???????????,????????,???

?????????,??????,???“??”???????????,???????????????????

????,???????12??9???????????,?????????????,“??????????”,???

????????????????????????????????????????“???”?

“???”?

??????,??,?????????

??

2024???????????,???????????????

????7????????????,??????????????????????????????,?,???????????

????????????,???,???,?,???????????,????????????????,?……

????????????????:????,??????????????????,?,???????,?????????????????????????????????????????……??,??,???,?????????????

12????????9??????,2025????,?????????,????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????“?????????????????”????,???????????“?”?????

???????????,????,???????,?????????????,????,?????

?????????????????????????????,???

“???????????????????,??????????????”

(???????? ???????????????? ?????? ? ????? ????????)

?????????????:????????????????????