?? ????:“????”??????????????
????:1??????????:?????????
2??????????
3???100???????
4???????????
5???????
????
????1866???,???1868????,??????1869?????????,??????????????????????1874???????????????????????,????????1878?,?1882????,??????1885???????……?19???????????????????????“60?????????????”“70???”????“80 ?”?????????????,????,???????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????????
???????????????“??????”“?”“?”??????,????,?,?,??????,???????
1911????10????10????,??????,??????????,?????????15???????????????,??????????“???????????”????,??????“?”?
?????????
????1906??????,???????:“???……??????,???????????”
?,???????????,???,???????????????,????????
???????????,???????????,“????????????,??????????,??????????????????,?????????????,????,?????????”?
1912??????1??????????????1??,???????????????????,“?,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????”?,?????“?????”??????????????
??,?1912???????1???????????5?«????????»????:????????????,??????????,????,???????????????,????,?“????”???????,?,????????????,??????????????????????????????,?????????????
?“???”????,?«?»?,????????????“?”,????????, ???????,????“?”?
?,?“?”,?????????????,??????????????????????????;????,????????????????????,??(??????????),??????,?????,??
???“???????????????????” “????????????” “?”????,???????“??????????????????????????????????”??????,????
???????,????,“?”???,???“?”???????“???”???
????
?,????????????,??????????????????“?????????”,?“??????????????????????”???????
?,??“???????”“?”????????,???????????????:“?????,?,?????????????????????????????……???,????”
1905?,?????????????????????????,???,?“????”?
?1911?????????????????????,??,“?”??????“??????????????????????”?????,?????????“????????”?,??“??????”?,????????????????“?????????”????????????????????????“????”“????”?????????,??“???”?????????,??
???????????????110??????????????,1911?10????????????????????10??????????,?,????????????????????,?,??????????????,????,?,?????,??????
???!
(????????????? ????????? ????????????????) ??????:?????????????????