??
?1??23???? (? ?)????23?????,2024???????????(R&D)?????3.6????????????(???????,??),????????????R&D?????(R&D???GDP??)??
????,2024??,???R&D??????????????????????36130??,?????8.3%,??????
?????,2024??,??????R&D???2.68%,??0.1????????????????,??R&D?12???????????????,??????(2.11%),?????????????????(OECD)????????(2.73%)?
??????,???????????2024?,???2497????,?????10.5%,??????????R&D??2.2?????;?????????????????R&D????6.91%,???????0.14??,???????
??????,?,??,???,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,2024???R&D?????,???,??????????????????(??????????) ???????:?????
?????????
?????2024?????????????3.6????????????????