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???1????????????????????23???????????? ?,??????,2024???????????,????(R&D)?????????????????,?3.6?????????(R&D)??????,???????
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?????,??,???,???(R&D)???????2024????????????,??????????????????????(R&D)????36130??????,??8.3%,???????????????,??
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????,2024????,???????????????(R&D)?????????????????(R&D???????GDP????????)??????????2.68%,????0.10?,????“???????????”???????,????????????????????,????????????(R&D)??12????????,??????????(2.11%),??????????OECD???(2.73%)?
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2024??,??2497?????,?10.5%,???(R&D)?2.2????????;????(R&D)??????????6.91%,?????????0.14?????,????????????????????????,?????????,????????,??????????????????????
???????????,2024?????????(R&D)?????,?????,???????????????,????????,??????????,???????????,?????,???????????????????????????,????????? ???????????????:????