??,?“??”?????

????:??????????

?????????2025.2.17??????????????????1175??«?????????»??????

???????????????,?????????????

????1?????,???????

??????2022?????????4??????????????4??????,??????????????,???????,???????????????????S??????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,???????,???????????????????

???????????????,???????????,??????????,????????????,????????,???????,???????

3??????????,????????????,??????????????????,??,?????????????,?????,????????????????????????????,???????????,??????,??????????????,????????3.7??????????

“??????????,??”????«????????????????»??,???????????,?????????

?????????

???????????????,?????????????????????“????”??????

???????????1??3??????????,???????,????,??????????,?????,??????????????,?????????????,??????????,??????,??,??????????????

??,??????,???????,???????“????”????????????????????“?????????????????????‘??????????’????????,???????????,??????,??????????”?????????(?????????)????????????????«??????????»???

2022??,?????,?“?????????”????????????“??????????????????”??????????,????,???????????,???????????????????

????,??????,???????????,??????????? “???”“?”??????,??????????

“???????????”???????????,??????,???????,?????????“????????”??????????,??,????“??????”,????????,???????????????????,??

???12?????????,?????????,????????,??,??????????????????,????????????????????????,?????7??,??????????1012???????????????,??????????????????????

??????,?????????????,????????????????????????????,????,????????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????,???????????

“?????????,?????,??????,????????”??????????«????????????????????????»,???????????2013????????,????????????????,?????????????,????,??????

??,????????????,?????????,???????,???????????????,????????,???????????????,??,????????????????

??????????????????,??????????,?????,????????,?????,??,?????????,??????,???????,?????,??????????????

????,????,???????????????????“???????????????,??,???????????????”??,???????????,????????????????,?????

????????????????????????,?????????????????,??,?????,???

???,????????,????????????????????????,????????,???????????????????,?????????,????????????,???????????

??????1??????????,?????15???,??????“?????????”?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????

???,?????????,??????????,????????“???????????????????”?????????,??????“?????”?“????,?????,??”?«??????????»?

???????????

?,?????“???????????”?

“???????????????????,???????????,????????????????????”??????????????????????,??1996???????????,???,????????

???????,?????????,??2001????,????????????,???????????????????2013?????,????????,????????????,?????????????,???????,?????????3?????????????????

“???????”???????,21????????,??,??????????????????,2015???????????????,???????3??????,??????“?????????????”???????

??????43????????,?????6.1%???????????????,?????2025????,???????????????????,???3??????????????????

“?????,??????”???????????2023???,?????????,??????????????,?,??,???????????????????????,???????????

????????,????????«??????????????(????????????)???»,?????????????“?????”????????????????????,??????,??????????“??????????????????????,5?,4???????,1???????????????”?????????????

????????????,??????????????????“????????????”????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????

?????????????,?????????,????,????????????????,??????????????

“??????,?????????????????”????????????2012????????????,?????????,??????????,?????,??????

??“?”?“????????????????‘?????????????’,?????????,?????????????,???”?,???,?????????????????????,“???”??,???????,???????,?,??????

??????2022?????????????????,??????,??????????,??????????,???????????,???????????,???????????,????????,?????,??????????“?????????????????”?????????

“???”?,???????,??????????????????????,???????????????,???????,??,??????????????????????????????,????????1????????????????

???????????,?????????????????????,???????????,???????????,??????????????????????????

?,????????10????????????????????????????????????????,???????,????????????????????????????,??2/3???????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????

“????”????,????????????,????????,????????“??”????????,????????????????,???????“????????????????”?????????????????,?????????????

????????

????????????,???????1????????,??????????,“?”???????

?????????????????????,???????7??????????,???????????????“??????????”??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????“???????”,??????,???????

????????????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????“????????????”????,??,???,??????????????????,??????,??“??????”,??“?”?????????,“?????????????????,????????????????”?

??????????????????,????????,????,????:?????????????????????????????????

?????????12???????????,?????????,??“????????????,?????????????????,???????1/6?”???????????????????

?????????????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????,??????????,????,???????????????????????,???????????????????,????????9???????????,???????????????

“???????????,?????,??????????,?????”?????????????

????????????????????,????????????????????200???????????,?????????????????300400????????????,??????????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????100%,????????????????????????????????1???1?????????,?????

??????,?????????,“????”?????????????,??,???????????,??????????,????????

“???????10%????,???????????,??????????????????????”????????????,??

??,?????????????????????,??,???????????,????????,??????????????,??????????????????,“??????????????,??”?

“???,?????????”????????????????????????????????????,???1/10?“?????????????????,??”

?????????«??»,????????????????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????,????,????????,??????6????????

????,?????????????????,????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????“?????”,????????,?????????????

“????,?????????”????????????????????,??,???????“???????”,????“????”?

????????????

???????????????????????,?????????

2003???,??????????????,?????????????,??????????????????????60??????,????????????????????40??????????????????,??,?????,??????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????????????,?????????????

20????????????50???,????????,????????????????,??????????,?????????????,???,????21??????????????,??????????,???????????,????????????????,???,??????????,???????

????????14????,?,????2008??,????,???????????????????,???????,??????,???????????????????????,“????????????????”????????????????????,??????????????,??

“??????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????”???????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,???????????,????????????

“????????????,?????????”????????????????????????“????”,??“?????”,??,????,????????,??

????????2013?????????????????,??,?????????????????,??????,????,???????????,????????????????,?????????

“??,???????????????”?????????????,????(SBINZ)???????????????,??????????????,????????????,????????????1??????????????,??1??????????????????????????????,?????,????,??????????????

?????????????????????????????????????

“????????????”???,????(USSA)?????????????????????????(SIA)?????(NSAA)???????????(PSIA-AASI)?????????????????(NSP)???6?????“?????????,??????????????”

“????????????????????”??,??????,???,????????????????

“???????,?????????????????????,?????,??????,???”????????«??????»?

(??)

«?????»2025???????????5??????

????????:??????«????????????????????????»?????????????? ?????:???