????????????31????

??????2????????????????????????????14??????????? (? ?????)??14???????????,????????????????????8.5??????????????????,???????????39.2%,?????????????????????????1993???????????,?????????????,??,???????????????,???????????????????

????????,???,?????“?,???‘???????’?????????????????????‘?????’????????????????????????????????,???????????????50%,?????,????”??????????????

????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????,????,????????80????????????

???12??,?,?????????????

“??,?,?????,???”???????

?????????,??“?????????”?????????“?????????????”????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,??????????,??(?????????????????????????)