????:1????????????:????????

2????????vx

3????????

4??????????

5????????

???????????,??????40???????,???????«??»«??????????????????»????,?????????????????????????????;?????????????????“????????????”??????????,???????????2024?????????????????????????????????????????????(John Ross)??,??????????

“????????????????????”

?????????????,?????????????????20??70???????????????????,?????“????,?????????????????,?????????????????,?????”???????,???????,????????????????????,???????????????????????

????????????????,???????,??????????????,??,????????????“??????????????????,???????????????????????????,??????????????”??????,?1/5,?????????????????,???

????,???????????2005?????????,????;2009????,????????????????;2013???????,????????????????????,??????????????

“??,?????”?????????,??????????????,??????????

?,??????,??????????????,??????????????,???,???????????????????,???«??????????????»,?????????????“2018???”?2023??????????,??????????

“?????????????,?????????????????,?????”??????,???????????,???????????????9????????,??????2024??????????

“??????????????”

“??,??,????”?????,?????????,???????????????

???????“???????????”,???????40????????,??19?????????,????“?”???????,?????

???????,?????????????????,?????“?????????????????????,???”???,????????????????,????,?????????????????????,????????

???????,???????????????:“?,????,????”????,??????,???,???,???????????????????

??,????????“?”??????????????,?????????????,“????????????????????,????????????????????????”???????,???????????“?????????(Learning from China)”???????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????????“???????”????

“???,??”

??????????????,??????????????????????????,???????,??????????????????????,????????????

“??”????????,?????,???????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,???????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????

2020????????????,????“????????????‘??????????’”???????????????,?????????????????“??????????”??,??????,?????????????????,?????????

??,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,???????????????????????,?????????“???????”?????,??????????

“?????????????”??,?????????,?????“????,??????????????????????,??????”

???????,???????????????,???????,???????????,???????????????“????????????????‘?’????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????”

“?,?????”????,????????????,“??????????????,????????????????????,????????????????”(????? ????????????????)

(??????????????????????????????????)

«?????»(2024????12?11???? ? 08 ?????????????????????) ????????:????????