????:1?????VX:???????

2?????200?

3???300?????

4?????600?????

5?????????

??10??14???????????(????)2024???????????“??????????”??????????????????????10????????????14?,2024???,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson????????????????James A. Robinson????

“???????”????????

???????????????????“??????????????????”?????,???????????????????????“??”,??“???”?????????????

?????????????????1968?????????,????????????????????????,?????????????,?????

??“????”,?,?????????????67??2007??????(Leonid Hurwicz),???????????,??????90?????????????????????????2019??????(Esther Duflo),???46??

????,?????????????????,?????????????????2009??(Elinor Ostrom)?

??:??????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????“?????”?

?????????????????????1969?2024???,??56??????????????????,????90??????????????????,????????????????????

“???????????????,???????????????,??”???????????

1994????????????“??”?????????????«???»?????????2015??,??????

2002?????,???????????????????????????“???????,??????????”???????????????

?:2018???????????

2018?,??????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)????????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),?????:“????????”?“???????????”?

?,????,??????,????????

???

?????????????,??,???????????????????????????“???????????”,“??????”?

2017?????????????(Richard Thaler)?????????????????“??????????????”??????,???????????????????????,????,??????????????????????????,?????,???????????????

???,????

????????,???????7?????????,??500????????5??,??

??:2019????????????,???

2019???????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,????????????????????????????,??????????????

“2019???????????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????”??(????????)

??????:???????????