????:1???????100?????:??????100???????

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3???????80?

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20??????????????????60????????,??????????“??”?????????????,???1986???????????,30??????????????????38??????????????,???????????,??????

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2024???????????5????,?????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????

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??????????????,????1987?«??»?

“???‘?’,??‘???’?”20??????80????????????????,???????????,100?????????????????“???!”?????“????”?

???????????,?????????????????,?????1986????,??

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1987?,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,???78????,??2470???

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???????????“??????”

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1987??????????????,????,???????(??????????????????)

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?????????,????????????????,????????,2003????????????,????????“???? ???”?????????????????????,?????????????,???

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?????????,?????????????,?????1997???????????,??????????,??????????100??,?????????????“??”???????

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????,????;????????????????????????????“?????????????????”????400?,??????????????10?????……??????????????????????????,????????2000??????,?????????????,????????????,???????????????????????????????????,????,????????,???????????????????????

?,?????????????????????……???????,???

2001?????????,??????“?”,???????????????????

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“??????????????,????????????,????,???????”???(?)

?????:

????????????????????(William Lindesay),????,???,??,??????????«???????»«???????????????:??»«?? ?????????????????»??????????????????????????????????,???1998????????;2006??????????;2008??????“?”?

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