?????????????:????,???????“DNA”?

????:??????VX:???????

????10?????1?????(??)????10???1??,????,???,????????102???????

9??????27???????????,?,?????????????,???,???????????,????????????,???????

????????9??????????????????27???,?????,??????????????????(???????????:????????)

???,???????,??,???;???,????????????????????????????,?,??????????????

“???????????,?????”

?1957?????????,??????????

??????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????

?????????,??????????????,??????????,??????????,???????????

????,??,????????,??????????????????,??????,?????????

1981?????,???????????????,???,??1986?????????

?????,????????????,??“?”,??

“1984??????????,??????????,????,???????????????,??????,???:???????????????????????,?????,??????????????,?????????”????

??????,??“?????????????????,???,???????????,??????????????????,??????,??????????”

???????????:???? 

???????“??????????????????????”?“?????????????”,??,????????????????“????”?????????“?”??????,?:????

“????????????????DNA”

????80?90????,???????????????,?????????“55?”,???????????????????????,“55????????”???????????,?????????????

???,????????????????????,?????,??????????,?????

??????????????????????

1988???,???????????????????????“????????????”,???????????????????,???????????

??????,?????????????????????????????????,?????“?????”???????????“?????????”?

?????,???????????“????”(?????????)?????????

1993?????,“55??????”???,??????,???????,????????????????,?????????,????????????????

??????1997?,?????????“??”,???????????????,????????????????????????:“?????????DNA”?

???????“DNA”??????????,????????????

2007?????????????????,???????,???:“????????‘??????,??’,????”

2009????????????,??,??????????

???????“?????????”,??????,??????????“?????????????????????”????????????

???????“???????????????”????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????

2012??????????????????,?????,?????????,??????2018????????????????????,??????,??????45%?????????????????????????“?”??????????????????????,???,?????

????????????,??,???,??

??

????????

2013???????5????,??????????,“???????????????”????????????:“?????,??”

???????????,????????????????????“??????”?????????????????“?????????????”,??????

????:?????????????????????

?????2002??????,?????????????????,??????????????????????“?”?

????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???,????????

?????????????????????????????????,????????,???????????,???????

????????????????,??“?????????”???????????,????,?????“?????????”,??????,?????????,??????????????“????????????????????”??????????????????,???????

???????????????,????,???,????,???????????????????????,???,??????????,?????????,????????????,???????,??????????,?????????

???????:?????????????????