????:1???????:?????????

2??????????

3????????????

4?????????

5?????

????1???23??????????????????????????? ???????????????,?????,2024??????,??????(R&D)??????????????,?????3.6???????????(R&D)??????????,???????

???(R&D)??????

????,??????????,??,????????(R&D)????????2024??????????,????????????????????(R&D)?????????36130?,????????8.3%,????????,??????

??????????????????????????????????(R&D)??????

???????????,2024??,???????(R&D)?????(R&D???GDP?)???????2.68%,?????0.10?????????????????,??????“????”????????????,???????????????????,????(R&D)???12??????????,?????????(2.11%),????????OECD??(2.73%)?

??????????????????????????

2024??????????,???2497?,????10.5%,???(R&D)??????????????2.2???;?????????????????(R&D)?????6.91%,??0.14?,???????????????????,????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????

?,2024??????(R&D)????????????,??????????,?????????,????????,???????????,?????,??????????,?,??? ????????????:?????