????????????????

????:??????:????????????

?????????????????????????????“???”?“???????”

???????????

?????????????,????,??????????????75???????,???????????????4?????????????????????????????????,????

1932???1959?????????????1984??????2024???????????,4?????????????,????????

??????????????,?????????,???????????,??“?????”???“?????????”??????????

????,????????????,??????????!????????????,???????????“?????????”???????????,????“???????,????????????”????????,???????????,?????????????,?????????,???:“????……??????????”

??????????!??,??????,??????????????????????????

????????????????????,?????,????1959???????????,???????,?????????????????,??????????????,??,?????

????????,?????????????,?????????????,????“?”???????????????????????????????……???????????,?????“??????,???????”,??

?????????????????????????1978???????,??????????????????????????????????????????,????????????1984????????????,???,????????,?,?????????????“????”?????,???353???????????????????,???15???

?????,????«????»,????????????,???????????,???????,????????80??????????????“?????”,“?????????,???”?????????“????????????”???????????????????????????,????????,??????????????,??!

???????

???????????????,“????????????”?????,?????????????2024???????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????,????????,??????????????,???????????……?????,????????????“??”?????,?????????,?,???????,?????????????,???????????????:“??????????”“?????????????”?

????,????4???????????,????,????????????????????????????:“???????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????”

????????????????“???????????????????”?

“?????????”1908??,“????????,?,??,??????”????????,???????:

???1932????????“???????”?????“??”,??????,?405??????????????;

?????1984?????????,????,?????????300???????????;

?????????2008?????“??????????”,2022??,????????????,?????“????”??????????,??:“??????????????”

?????????????????????????????,?????“???”“???????,???”,???,??????????“????????”?????????????“??????????”????,“????????????”???????????????????,???????????????,???????“??,????70????????????80??????????????????90?????00????????????,????????,??????????”?????????,??

?????????????????????????????????,??,????,???????????????

???????,????????????“????????”??????????????????????????,????????????????????????

1917???????????,«??»?«???????????????»???????,????????“?????????????????”???“??????????,????”,???????

????????,?????????????????,??????“????????????,???,?????”???????????,?????

????,??,???,????“?????????????3??”??????????,“?????‘????????????’”??????2017???,??????????????????????1949???35????,?2017???76.7????????78.6??????????????,????

?????????????,???????????????????,????“??????,???”??????75???????,??????????

??????,?????????(??????????? ???? ??? ????) ????????:?????????????