??????????????

????:???????????:???????

?2025???????????2??21??,??«??????»??“Base-modified nucleotides mediate immune signaling in bacteria(??????)”??????????????(?????????)?????,?????????????????“????”(Kongming),?????????????“?”??,?????

???????????????,????????,?????????????“?????????????????????????????????????”???????????1950???????(?????????????????cAMP?cGMP)??????????????????,??????????????,????????????????,???????????,??,??????KomA(??A)?KomB(???????B)?KomC(????????????????????C)????????????????????,????????????????????(DNK)???????????“???????????”:KomA?????DNK????,??????(dAMP)???dITP???KomC????????????????????????????NAD⁺,?“???????????”???????,??,?????????????????“????”????,??????“??”???,?????????????

?????????,“????????????????”????,??????(????????????KomB-KomC????KomA)?????????????????????????,??????dITP?:?????????????,??????(??????????ADA????)??????????????????,??????????????????????

(?? ???? ??) ???????????????????:????