?????????????3??????

????:????:??????

??????????????,???

2024 ????????????????,??,???«????»(??????????????“??????”)????????????,???????????????,??????? 3 ?????,?,?? 7.86%,???

???,2018 ?????????????????????????????? OECD(?????????????????)??????????????????????????????????? 3 ?? 33.8%????,???,?????????????????“??”?????????,??????????????????????????????????

???????????,??????????????????????“?????????????”?,?????????????????????????

??????????????,????2025????????????,?????????“????????”?????????????????????????,?????????????????????????

??????????,????????????????????????????? 6 ??????????-3 ???????,?? 6 ?????????????????????;???????????????????????????????;???????????????????

???2024 ???????????????? 11 ??????,???????????? 20 ???????????«???????????????????????»?????????????,?,??????????

?????3?????????????????????

???????????????,??3??

???????,2018?????????????,??3??,?????????,?2?????????????????????92.1%??????????????????????,2????????????????????56.5%,1???33.2%?

???,???????“????????????”,?????????

???,2018??OECD ???????3????????????????????????? 33.8%????????,2024???????,????????3????7.86%?

??????,??,????????????????

«2019??????????????»(????????????????“2019???”)???????6?????15-49 ?,???27.6%??????????????? 2016 ?,? 1/3 ??????????2024????,???,????????????????????3?????

???????????????????,???????????????????

“??????????,???????????”

?,??????Papi??????,??????1????????????????3?????,????????????“????????”“???????,???”????????????????

???????2019??,??????????????????

???????????,?????????????,??????????????????,?????????????,?,?????????????????

??????????????????????,????????????????,?????2019 ???,?????,???

????,?????2017????????(????????????????????????????????????????????)???????????0-3 ????????????(??“?”?????????????)??????,???????????,??12%????????????????

?????????????????,???????????????????2019???????,???,?0-3??????????,???????2.2%??????

?????????,?????????,???????????,??????????????????,????????????

?????2024???????,2023?,???????????89.5%,?????(????)?????????????????1978????????????,????????5500???????????????????????????????????,??????,???,2023???????46.7%?

“(?)??????????,???,”?????,??,????1?????????????2??????,??????????

??????????????????2024????12????,??0??????1????????,??1-2?????????????????????????1:3,????????2-3??????????1:4?

?????????????????????????,??????????????,?????,???????????????????????,?????????????????????????????

??,???????????????????????????????????????????,????2??,??????,???????????,?????????,????????????,?????????????????

?????

??,?????,??????

2022?????????????CFPS?????????????????,10??????????????,???????????,????????????????????

????,??????2012??2022????????,?3?????????????6%??????????????????,??????????????

??????????????,???,2022?3??????????58.7%?

?????????????,???????,?????????????

??????????????:???????????,?????

??2019??,????????,???3?????????????“????”?

??????????,??????????,??????????

?????????,????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????

???????????????20?????????????50???????70???????,???????????,?????????,1954????????,????????4003??????????????,2670??,??,??????????

???,1950?????????????????????????,???,??????????

??????????????????,????????????????????????,1960???????????????????70%,???

????,????????????????????????,1963???????????2975????????????

??,????????????,1984?????????????

“??????????”??1955??????????????,?????????????????,????????????,??????????,????,????????????????????????

????????????????????????,?????????????,?????,????????,???75%~85%,???90%?

????????????,????????????20??????????90???????????????????

?????????????? 20?????????????90?,????,????????????????,???????

?????????????????,??????,1981???????????????????,?????20??????,??562????,??????10.5??????????????????2022??????,??????30???????????,?????????1414?????

??????21????????,???????? ????????,??????????,?????????????

???????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????

?2015?????,?“?????????”??,?????????????????????????????????????2022??????,???????????? ,???,???

?,??“??”?????????????????????,???????????“????????”??????????,????????????????????????????????????,2021???????????,?“?”,?????????????????????????????300????? ????????????100???????????????????????,???????300??????????????????

??????????,?????????????????,??“?????????????”“????”?????????????????“???????????????”??????,????????

??????????????,??????,???,???????,??????????????????????????????,?????,?????????????,??????

??«??»?,??20???????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????,???????????,??????????“??????????”???????,??????:“??????????????,?????????????????”?(? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???) ??????????????:?????????