?????????????:???????,????“DNA”?

????:???????:?????????

?????????10??????????1?????????(?????????????????)???????????????10????????????1?????????????????,???????,?????????????,???????????102??????

9?27?????,??????????,????????,???????????,?????????????????,????????,????????????

????9??????????27?,??????,???????(?????????:???????????????)

????,????????,??,?;??,???????????,????????????,??????????

“??????????????????????,??????”

????????1957??????????,??

???????????,??????,????????????

????????????????????????,??,???????????,??????,??????

?????,??????????,???????,??????????????????????????????,?,?????????

1981?,??????????????????????????????????,???????????,???1986???????

????,????????????,?????????????????“?”,?????????????

“1984????????????????,????,????????,????????,??????????????????????????,?????:?????????????,???,????????????????????????,???????????”??????????

???,???????????????“??????,???????????,???,???????????????????,?????,????????”

??????:???? 

?“????????”??????“???”,??????????,????“???”???????????????????????“???”?????,??:????????????????

“???????DNA”

????????????80?90?,??????????????????????,?????“55?????????????????????”,????????????????,“55??”???,????????????

???????????????,????????????,??????,?????????,???????

?????????

1988????????????????,????“?????????”,??????????????????,?????

????????????,?????,???“??????????????????????”????????????????????“??????”?

??????????????????,??????????????“?????????????????”(??????????)??????????????

1993?????????,“55????”?????????????????????,???????????????????,??,????????????????????,????,????????

????????1997???????????,?“??????????????????????”,??,?:“??????????DNA”?

???????“DNA”????,????????????

2007???????,?????,???:“????????‘?????????,?????????’,???????????????”

2009????????,???????,??????????????????

?????????????“??”,????????????????????,??“?????????????????”???????????

????“?????????”?????????????,????,??????????????????????????????,???????

2012???,??????????,?????,??????2018????????????,????,????45%??????????????????“???”????????????,?????????????,???????

?????,??????????????????,?,????????????

????????

??????????

2013???5???,???????,“???????????”?????????????????????????????????:“???????????,????????????????”

???????????,??????“???”??????“???????????”,????

?????????:?????

??????2002???,?,?????????????“??”?

????,???????,????????????????????,????

???,??????,?,?????

???????????,????????“???????”??????,???????????????,?????????“??????????”,????????????????????,????????????????????,?????“?????????”?,???????????

??,??????????,??????????,?????,????????????,?????,??????????????????,?????????,???,???,????????,?????????????????

???????:??????