????:1???????:qq??????

2???????

3?qq????????

4???????

5?????????

???????75?????????????75??????????,????????????????????,??????????,??,???????????,??????????????????????,?????

????????????????????,???,??????????,2023?????????????223?????GDP????????89???????????????43.6????????????????????……?????????????75??,“?”?????????75?????????????,??“?????????????”?????????,??????????????????????,?????????????????????

??????????? ????????

?????7.9%

????

??,??????????????????????,????????????????,???,???1952????679?????????????,??1978?????????3679??????????????;??,?????,1986??????????????????1??,2000?????10????????,2006?20?????????????,???12?????????10????,2020???????????????????100???,2023????????????126??????????????,???????????????,2023?1952????????223????????,????????7.9%;??,19792023????8.9%,????????3.0%????

????GDP??8.9?

??????????????

1952?????????,???GDP??????????119??????????????????,??????????,??????????GDP???????????2019????????,?GDP??70078??,?????????10158?????????,????????????1????????????;2023?????89358????????,?????????1952??????????????????????????89?,?6.5%,??????????12681????????,?3????1.2?????????????????,2023????(GNI)?????1.34???????????????????????????,?????????????

??????????

???

????????????????????,?,???????????????1952??,???????????????????????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,??

?????,????????????,?????????????????????,??,??????2023?,???????????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???,??????????????9???????????????????1.3?????????????,????????????????????,??,??????????????????????,?,?????????“???????????????????+”??????

“??????????????????”??????22.4?

???????????????????????

??????????,?,???????,???????????,?????????????

20132023????????,?????8.7%?10.3%,???,??????????????????????????????????5G??,“???????”?????,???????

??????????????????????????2023???????,???421??????????????????;?,?????????????????????

????,?????????????????????????,“?”???????????2023??????????????,???“???????????”????22.4??,???GDP??????17.73%?

?

??

1949???????????2.2??,??8.1???????,???????????????????????75???,????????,????,?????????,??????????

2023??,??????????15.9??????????,?????????1949???????6?????,?4.5??????????????????????????????,?2/3????;?544???,?????????????66?????,???????18.4???,??;??????????????????????????12.8?????????????,?????????74.1%;???876???????,2023????1.7?????????,?2016??????10????????,????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????3.92???????

????????

1949????????49.7????????1978?,??171?,??151???????????,???????,??????,???????????,????????,??2023?????,??????????????39218???,???1949??76?????????,?6.0%;????????????????26796???????????????????,?????1956??36??,???????5.5%?

?,???????????????????,???????????2023???,???29.8%,?????????????1978??????34.1??????????????;?45.2%,?????2013??5.5?????????????????????????,??????????,??2023???,???49.7?????,???????????145.9???????????????????,???2013????2.9??2.1????

???????????

??????????

??,????????????????????,???

??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????,????????????,????????????,?,??????????????

2023?????????,?10.66???????????????????,????1989??????????10.09????;??????????????????????????????????2.44???????????3.02????????????,????????????1994??????????????1.64??????2.84?????????????,???,??????????,??

9899???????

????????

???????,??????????????????????????20??5070???,?,??????????????????????,??????“?”???,?????????????????????????,????

???????,????,????????????????????????8?,?2020????9899?,832???,12.8????????????,????????,????????????????????????????,??????????10??«????2030????????????»?,????,????

?60%

???

????,???????,?????????,???????

2023??????????,??????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;?????????????????????1.6??????????4542???,????????1949??????6.4????????103????????????????,??????(OECD)???????????????????????????????

????,???????????,?????????2023????????,????????60%,???????????;???1982??????????8??????11.05???????,???????????????

?

???

1950????????????,?????????11.3???????,?????????1978???????????????206????????????????????,???????,2001????,????,???????????????

??,????,??,????????????????????????1978???????1%??2023??????????12.4%,???7???????????????????????“????????”?????,????150???????????30??230??“??????????”????,???????25??????????200??????????????????,??“???????”?

????

??

?,??????????,?????????????,???????,??????????????1999??,??????????????????????????????????2012???,????,??4.9,????1952???8.1?

????????????,????????????????????????????,???20132023?,?????????????????6.9%?7.1%,?????????2023??????????,???????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,???2012????2.9????????????????0.9??????????

?46.3??

??????????

????,???,???1956?????????????????“???????????”????,???????,?????????,??,???

???????????,?,????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????“??”,???????????????????????????????????????,??????11?????????,?????,???????????2023??,???,??????46.3???????????????

??????????66%

???????????

?,??1949????????????????10.64%,1978???17.92%?????????????,??????????????????????????,??2023????????????,?????9.3?,??1978??7.6??;????66.16%,?48.24??????

?,??????,??????????,?????2023?,??????48.3%,??????????2015????????8.4?????????????????????,?????,??????,??????????2012?????????????????????????????2.88:1???????????????2023??????????2.39:1?2023?????????,???12.4:1,???????????????2013????????????1.4?2023?460?,???????99%?????????????????,??14.4???????

??????????3246?????????????????6833???????????

??????

1949??,?????????????????????,??,????????????,????2023????,?????????3246?????????????6833????????,??????????1949??59???325???;????????119??????????????(?????)?

??,?,????????,?????????????????????,??????2022?,?4.46%,???2013?????????????0.77??????????;????????????2012????????????????888??2023?????????1622???????

?78.6????????????

?????????

???????????,???,?????????75??,??????????,????,???????????????????2023?,?107?,?1017??????????,??????1249????????????????????

????,????????????????,????,????????????2023?????????,???????13.34?????,?2018????????95%????????2023??,?????????78.6???,????1949?43.6??,????

???24.02%

????????????

20???????50??????????,?????????????,??????????????,??,?????????“?????”????2022???,?????????9014???,??????????20??80?25??30?????????????????;?????????18%,??????

?,“??”????24.02%?2023??,??(PM2.5)????2016?28.6%,???????????????21.6?????,???????????????????????,???“??????????”?????????????????????“??”,????????????(?) ???:?????????????