?? ?????,?“??”??
????:1?????????:????
2????????
3??????????
4?????????
5?????
??:??????????????
????????2025.2.17??1175????????«????»??????
???????????????????,????????
?????????1?????????,??
??????2022??????4????????4?????????????,???????,???,?????????????S????????????????,???????????????,??????????,?????????
???????,??????,????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,????????????????,????,??????????????
3????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????,??????,?????????,?????,??????????????,???????????????,??,??????????????????????,??????????????3.7??????????????
“???????????????????,?????????????”????????«?????»????????????,?????????????????????????,????????
??
??????????????????,???????????“??????”????????????????
???????????????1????????????????????????3?????????????,?????,???????????,????????????????,????,??????????,?????,?,?????,??????????,?????????????????????
????????????,????????????,?????????,?????????????“?”??????????“??????????‘??????’?????????,???????????,????????????????????????,???????????????”??(??????)???????«????????????????????????»????????????
2022????????????,??,?????????“?????????????????????”???????????“????”??,???????,???????,?????????????
??????????,????????,????,???????????????? “????”“???????”????,?????
“??????????????”??,????????,???,???????????????????“??????????”???,???????????,???????????“???????”,???????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????
???12???????????????,?????,????????????,?????,???????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????7????,????????????????1012??????,??????????????????
?????????????,??????????????,?????????????????,???,???????????????,?????????,??????????????????,???????????
“??????????,???????????,?????,?????????????????????????”???«?????»,??2013??,??????????????,?,????,???
????,?????,??????????,????????,?????????????????????,???,?,???????????,???????????????
??,?????,??????????,?,?????????????????,???????????????????????,???????????,????????????????,????????????????,??????????,?????
????,??????????,??????“???,????????????,??????”??,???????,?????????,???????
??????????,??????,????,????,?????????
????????????,??,????????,?,???????????,????,????????????????,?????????????
?????????????????1??,??????????15????,????????????“??????????????”?????????????,???????????????????????????????????
?,??????,???????????,????????“??????????”??,??????“?”?“???????????,????????????????,?????????????”????????«??????????????»?
??????????
?????,??“?????????????”?
“????,????????,??????????”??????,???????1996????????????????,???????????????,????????
???????????,????????,???2001???????,????,??????????????????2013?????,??,??,??,????????????,????????3???????
“?????????????”??????????????,21?????,??????,???????????????,2015?????????,?????3??????,??“???”???
????????????43??,?????6.1%??????????????????,????????2025?,???????,???????????3?????
“?????,?????”?????????2023??,??????????,????????,??????,???,?????????????????????????????????????,???????
????????????????????,??????????????«????????(???????????)???????»,??????“???”??????????,??????,???“??????,5?????,4??????,1??????”???????????????
????????????????????????,????????????“????????”????????????,????????,??????????????????????????????
????????,???,??????,?????????,????????
“?????????,????????????”??2012??????????????????,????,???????,?????????????,????????
????????????“???????????????”?“???????????‘????’,?????,???,?????????”??????,?????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,“??????????”?????????,???????,????????,???????,???????????
?????????2022???????????,?????????,?????????????????,???????,???????????????,?????????,???????????????????????,????????,???????????????????,???????“????????????????????????”?????????
“?????????”????????,???????,???????????????,??????,?????????,????????????,??????????????,??????????????????1?????
??????????,?????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????????,???????
??,???10?????????????????????????????????????????????,???,?????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????2/3?????????????????????,???????????????
“???”????????,????????,????????,??“?????????”????????,??,???????????“?”?????,????????????????
???????????
????????????,???????????????????1?????,??????,“?????????”???
????????,?7??????????????????,???“??????????”????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????“????????????”,??,?????
???,?????,????????????“????????????”?,????????,???????????,??????????????????,????,??????????????????????“????????????”,??????????“??????????????????”???????????????,“????????????????????????,????”?
??,??????????,??,??:?????????????
??????12???????,?????????,?????????????“???????,??,?????????1/6?”???????????????
??????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????,?????,????????????????????,?????????,??????????????,?????????????????,???????????,????????????????????????????????,????????,????????9????????????,????????????
“????????,??,????????,??????????”????????
??????????????????????????????????????,???????????????200?????,?????????300400??????????????????,????????????,??????????,????????????100%,????????????????????????????1???????????1??????????????????,?????
???,????,“???????”????????????????????,?????,???????????????????,????????????????,???????????????
“????????10%?????,????,?????????????????????”???????,??????????
???????????????,??????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????,?,??????????????,?????????????,“???????????????????,?????????”?
“?????????????????,?????????”????????????????????????????????????????,????????1/10?“????????????,????”
????????«????»,??????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????,??,?????6??????????????????????
?????????????,????????????????,??????,???????????????????????????????????,????????“??”,???????,???????
“??????,????????????”??????,???????????,????????????“?????????????”,?????“???????”?
???????
???,?????????
2003?????????????????,????????,???????????,????????????????60??????????,?????????????40?????????????????????????,???????,????????????,??????????????????,????,?????????????????,???
20????50?????????????????,??????????,????,?????????????,?????????,?????,????????21?????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????,???,????,????,??????????
??????????????????????14????????????????,???????????????,????2008???????????????????,??????????,?????????,?????,?,????????????????????????,“?????????????????????”??????????????????,?,???????????
“??????????,????????”????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??,???????,??????
“?????????????,?????????????”????????“???????”,??“??”,?????????,????????,?????,???????
????????2013?????????,?????????,????????????????????,???????,?????????,???,?????,??????
“???????????,???????????”??????????,????????????(SBINZ)?????????????????,???????????,??????????,??????1????????,?1?????????????????????,??????????,?????,????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
“???????????”??,???????????(USSA)???????????(SIA)??????????????(NSAA)????????(PSIA-AASI)???(NSP)?6?????????????????“??????,?????????????????”
“???????????????????????????????????”????????,????,????????????????,?????????????????
“??????,????????,????????,??????,???????????”??????????????????«??????????»?
(?????)
«???????»2025???????????????5?????????????
??????:??????«???»?????????????????? ??:???????