????,???

2024 ?????????????,?,????????????«?????»(??“??????????????”)????????,???,?????? 3 ?????????,??????????????,????????????????????????? 7.86%,???

???????,2018 ? OECD(??????????????????)???????????????? 3 ?????????? 33.8%??????,???,????????????????“??”?,??????????????????

??,???“??????????”??????????,??????????????????????

?????????,????2025???????????,??????“?????”??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????

??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ???????-3 ?????????,?????????? 6 ??????;??????????????????????????????;?????????????????????????

??????2024 ??? 11 ?,???? 20 ?«??????»?????????????????????????????????,??,????

??3???????

?????????????????????????????,?????????3????????????????

??,2018?????????????????????,????????????3?????,?????,????????????2??????????????92.1%??,2?56.5%,1??????????????33.2%?

????,??????????????????“??”,?????

?????????????????,2018????????OECD ???????3?? 33.8%???????????,2024?????????????,??3?????????????????????7.86%?

?????????????,????????,????????

«2019???????????»(????????????????????“2019????”)????????????????6????15-49 ???????????,???27.6%???????????????????? 2016 ??,??????? 1/3 ???????????2024??,????????????,??3?????????????????????????

??????????????,??

“??,?????????????”

??????????,??????????Papi?????,?????????1????3?,???????“???????”“????,???????????????”???

???????????????????????????????2019??,???????????????????????????????

??,???????????????,??????,??????,??????????????,????????

?,?,?????????2019 ???????????????????,???????,??????????

???????,???????????2017??(???????????????????????????????????????????????????)???????0-3 ?????(?????????“??”???????)???????,???,??12%?????????????????

????????,????????2019???????????,??????????????,????0-3????,??2.2%??????????????

??????????????,?????????,????????????????,????????,???????????????????????

??????????2024?????????,2023??????????,???89.5%,?????????????????????????(??)????1978????,???????????5500?????????,??????????????,?????,2023?????????????????46.7%?

“(?)??,???,”?,???????,????????????1?2?,???

??2024??????????????12??????????,???0???????????1?????????????????,??????1-2?????????????????????1:3,????????2-3??????????????1:4?

??????????????????????????????????????,??,?,?????,??????????????????

????????,????????????,??????????????????????2?,?????,???????,?????????????,????????????,?????????????

????????

??????????????????,??,???

2022?????????????????CFPS???????????,10????????????,??,??????

?????????????????????,??2012??????2022?????,??????3??6%????????,???????????????

????????????,?????????,2022??3????????58.7%?

???????????????????????,??????????????????,??????????

??????:????????????,????????????

??????????????????????????2019??????,??,????3?????????????????????????????????????“???????”?

?????,????????,???????

??????????,????????,????????????????????????,??????????????

???????20?????????????????????????50????70????,????,?????????????????????????????,1954??,???????????????????????4003?,2670?????,???????????????????,???

????????????,1950??,???,????????

?????????????,?????????????????????????????,1960???70%,????

??????????,???????????????,1963??????2975??????????????

????,?????,1984??????????????

“??”????????????1955????????????????????????????,???,??????,??????????????????,?????,???????????????????????????????????????????

????????,?,????????????????????,??,????????75%~85%,?????90%?

?,??20??????????????90???????????

????????????? 20???90??,????????????????,????????????????,??

??,??????????????????????,1981?????????????,?20??,??562????????????????,???????????????10.5????2022???,?30?????????,???????????????????1414???

??21???????????????,??????? ??????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????

?,???,?????

?????????????2015?????????????????,??????????????“????????????????”????????,????????2022????????,?????? ,???????,???

?????????????????????????????????,??“??”??????????????,??“?????”???????????,??????????????????????????,2021?,??????“???????”,???????????????????300?????????????? ??????100??,?????????????300????????

???,??,???????????“??”“???”?????????????“?????”????????,???

?????,??,???????????????,???????????????,?????????????,?????????,??,??

?????????«???????????»????,??????????????20??????????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????,?????????,??????????????????“????????????????????????????????????????”????????????,?????????????????????????:“?????,??????????”?(??? ?? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????) ???????:?????????????

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