????:1??????????:????????????

2?????????

3??????

4????????

5??????

?????????????1??????23? ????,?,2024????????????,??????(R&D)??????,????????3.6???????(R&D)???????????????,????????????

????(R&D)??????????

????,???????????????????????????,???????????????,?(R&D)???2024????????????,??????????(R&D)??????36130???,??????????8.3%,??????,??????

?????????????????????????????(R&D)?

??????,2024??????????????,????(R&D)????????(R&D?????GDP????????????)?????2.68%,????0.10???,?????“????????”????????,??????????,????????(R&D)???12???,???(2.11%),??????????????OECD??????????(2.73%)?

?????????????????????????????

2024???????,??????????2497?????????,??10.5%,??(R&D)?????????????????2.2??????????;????(R&D)?6.91%,?????0.14?????,????????????????????,?,?????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????

??????,2024?(R&D)?????,??,?????????????,??????????,?????????,????,???,?,???????????? ???????????:???????????????????????