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?????1??23?????? (????? ??????)?????????????????23?????,2024?(R&D)??3.6??????(??????????,??????????),?????????????????R&D?????(R&D????GDP????)??

?,2024???????,?R&D???????????36130??????????????????????,??????????8.3%,???????????

??,2024???,?????R&D?2.68%,?????0.1??????????,????R&D?????12????????,??(2.11%),????(OECD)??(2.73%)?

?????,????2024???,?2497??,??10.5%,?????R&D??????2.2??????????;?R&D?????????????6.91%,?????0.14??,??????

??,?????,????,??,???????????????????????????????????????????????,2024???R&D??????,?????????????????,??(???????) ????:??????????????????